Sources of Statistical Data on Crime (AQA GCSE Sociology): Flashcards
Exam code: 8192
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Define victim survey.
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Define victim survey.
A victim survey asks people about their experiences of crime as victims.
What is the main victim survey in England and Wales?
The main victim survey is the Crime Survey for England and Wales, run by the Office for National Statistics.
How are households selected for the Crime Survey for England and Wales?
Households are randomly selected from Royal Mail's list of addresses.
Why are 10-15-year-olds asked to complete a shorter crime survey?
Young people aged 10-15 are asked to complete a shorter crime survey because statistics show they are more likely to be victims of violent crime than adults.
What is the main advantage of victim surveys over police-recorded crime statistics?
Victim surveys include crimes that have not been reported to the police.
True or False?
The Crime Survey for England and Wales covers every type of crime.
False.
It excludes crimes such as murder, victimless crimes like drug possession and crimes against businesses.
Why is data from the Crime Survey for England and Wales not fully representative?
Data from the Crime Survey for England and Wales is not fully representative because the survey does not question people who are homeless or living in care homes or prisons.
Respondents to victim surveys may forget trivial crimes or lie about reporting them, so the data may lack .
Respondents to victim surveys may forget trivial crimes or lie about reporting them, so the data may lack validity.
Define self-report study.
A self-report study asks people about the crimes they have committed, usually over the last 12 months.
What was the Offending, Crime and Justice Survey?
The Offending, Crime and Justice Survey was the first national longitudinal self-report offending survey for England and Wales, carried out from 2003 to 2006.
What did analysis of the Offending, Crime and Justice Survey identify?
Analysis of the Offending, Crime and Justice Survey identified the most common ages for starting to offend and use illegal drugs, and the young people most at risk of offending.
True or False?
Self-report studies only include offences that were dealt with by the police.
False.
Self-report studies include offences not dealt with by the police or courts, which are missing from police-recorded statistics.
Who publishes police-recorded crime statistics for England and Wales?
Police-recorded crime statistics are reported to the Home Office and published by the Office for National Statistics.
Give three reasons why a crime may not appear in police-recorded statistics.
A crime may be not detected, not reported to the police or not recorded by the police.
Give two reasons why victims may not report a crime to the police.
Victims may see the crime as trivial, think the police won't do anything or fear the consequences or embarrassment.
Why might the police not record a crime that has been reported?
The police may consider it trivial, doubt the honesty of the complainant or believe there is a lack of evidence.
Why might crime discovered in the workplace not appear in official statistics?
Crime discovered in the workplace might not appear in official statistics because employers are more likely to fire the employee than involve the police.
Define dark figure of crime.
The dark figure of crime is the hidden crime that is unreported or unrecorded, so it is missing from official statistics.
What do police-recorded statistics show about the amount of crime in England and Wales?
Police-recorded statistics show that the amount of crime in England and Wales is declining.
True or False?
An increase in police-recorded crime always means more crimes are being committed.
False.
An increase may be due to improved recording by the police or victims feeling more confident to report crimes.
How do interpretivists view police-recorded crime statistics?
Interpretivists see crime statistics as a social construct, resulting from decisions made by victims, witnesses and police.
Labelling theory argues that crime statistics reflect police officers' power to and label behaviour as criminal.
Labelling theory argues that crime statistics reflect police officers' power to define and label behaviour as criminal.
How do Marxists view police-recorded crime statistics?
Marxists argue the statistics reflect the class-based nature of capitalism, as corporate and white-collar crime are under-represented.
How do feminists view police-recorded crime statistics?
Feminists argue the statistics under-record violence against women and girls, including domestic violence and sexual assault.
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