Factors Affecting Criminal & Deviant Behaviour: Gender (AQA GCSE Sociology): Flashcards
Exam code: 8192
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True or False?
Official statistics suggest that females are more likely than males to reoffend.
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True or False?
Official statistics suggest that females are more likely than males to reoffend.
False.
Official statistics suggest females are less likely than males to offend and reoffend.
What proportion of the prison population was female in 2022?
In 2022, just 4% of the prison population was female.
How does gender socialisation explain women's lower involvement in crime?
Gender socialisation explains women's lower involvement in crime because girls are socialised to be passive and caring, while boys are encouraged to be active, aggressive and to take risks.
According to Heidensohn, why do women have fewer opportunities to commit crime?
Women's behaviour is more closely controlled, and they have more domestic responsibilities than men.
Why does the chivalry thesis argue that women are treated more leniently?
The chivalry thesis argues women are treated more leniently because the male-dominated criminal justice system holds stereotyped beliefs that women need help, not punishment.
The double deviance thesis argues that some female offenders are treated more harshly because their behaviour is seen as .
The double deviance thesis argues that some female offenders are treated more harshly because their behaviour is seen as unfeminine.
What evidence suggests that the gender gap in crime is narrowing?
Evidence that the gender gap in crime is narrowing is that more women are being arrested for violent crimes, and there are more female offenders over 21.
How might the changing position of women explain their increasing involvement in crime?
The changing position of women might explain their increasing involvement in crime because, as women gain equality, they have lost many of the controls that deterred them from crime.
How does poverty explain women's involvement in crime?
Poverty explains women's involvement in crime because women are more likely to work in low-paid, unskilled and part-time jobs, so female offenders tend to be poor and involved in shoplifting.
True or False?
A rise in female convictions definitely means that women are committing more crime.
False.
It may be that women are no longer treated leniently by the criminal justice system, so more are arrested and convicted.
Which theory did Carlen use as the basis for her approach?
Carlen used control theory, which examines why most people conform to society's rules.
Define class deal.
The class deal is the promise of consumer goods to working-class women in return for working for a wage.
Define gender deal.
The gender deal is the promise of material rewards and happiness from a male breadwinner in return for women's love and domestic labour.
According to Carlen, when does crime become a possibility for working-class women?
Crime becomes possible when women feel the rewards are unattainable or not worth it, so the class and gender deals break down.
Which research method did Carlen use?
Carlen used unstructured interviews with 39 mostly working-class women who had been convicted of crimes.
Name two factors that women in Carlen's study linked to their criminal behaviour.
The women linked their offending to poverty, living in residential care, drug or alcohol addiction and a search for excitement.
Women who refused to conform to the class deal felt by the capitalist system.
Women who refused to conform to the class deal felt exploited by the capitalist system.
Why did some women in Carlen's study reject the gender deal?
Some women in Carlen's study rejected the gender deal because they had not experienced financial stability from a male breadwinner, had lived in care or had been abused by partners and fathers.
True or False?
Carlen's findings can easily be generalised to all women who commit crime.
False.
Carlen used a small sample of women already in prison or on probation, which may skew the findings.
Give one other criticism of Carlen's research.
Carlen may overemphasise patriarchy and poverty as causes of crime and ignore the free will and resilience of women in similar situations.
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