Key Sociological Concepts (WJEC Eduqas GCSE Sociology): Flashcards
Exam code: C200
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Define culture.
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Cards in this collection (15)
Define culture.
Culture is the shared way of life of a society, including its values, norms, customs, beliefs and language.
What does identity refer to?
Identity refers to how we see ourselves and how others see us.
Define norms.
Norms are unwritten rules that guide how people should behave in particular situations.
True or False?
Norms stay the same within a culture and do not change over time.
False.
Norms vary within the same culture and change over time, e.g. attitudes towards gender roles have shifted in recent decades.
Sanctions are rewards or punishments used to encourage ___________ to norms.
Sanctions are rewards or punishments used to encourage conformity to norms.
What is the difference between positive and negative sanctions?
Positive sanctions, such as praise or awards, reward people for following norms, while negative sanctions, such as disapproval or fines, punish those who break them.
Define values.
Values are ideas and beliefs about what is desirable and worth pursuing in society.
Which value do parents, schools and the media reinforce in UK society?
Parents, schools and the media reinforce the value that acquiring wealth and success is worth striving for.
True or False?
All societies share the same values.
False.
Values vary between cultures, e.g. the Apache people traditionally gave away the possessions of deceased relatives rather than inheriting them.
What might people do if they are socialised into values they cannot easily achieve?
People socialised into values they cannot easily achieve may break norms to reach those goals, e.g. turning to theft to gain wealth.
Define status.
Status is the social position a person holds in society and the respect or prestige attached to it.
Define ascribed status.
Ascribed status is status given at birth that cannot easily be changed, such as gender, ethnicity or the social class of your family.
Status that people earn through effort, such as gaining a qualification or a promotion, is ___________ status.
Status that people earn through effort, such as gaining a qualification or a promotion, is achieved status.
Define roles.
Roles are the parts we play in everyday life, and each comes with expected behaviours and responsibilities.
What happens in role conflict?
In role conflict, the expectations of two roles clash, e.g. a solicitor who is also a parent struggles to balance work for clients with caring for their child.
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