Patterns of Criminal & Deviant Behaviour: Ethnicity (WJEC Eduqas GCSE Sociology): Flashcards
Exam code: C200
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How does the Black share of the prison population compare with the population?
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How does the Black share of the prison population compare with the population?
Black people make up 4% of the population of England and Wales but 12% of the prison population (Ministry of Justice, 2025).
How do stop and search rates for Black and White people compare?
Stop and search rates are about four times higher for Black people than for White people: in the year ending March 2026, there were 26.4 stop and searches per 1,000 Black people and 6.4 per 1,000 White people (Home Office, 2026).
True or False?
Black prisoners serve a smaller share of their sentence in custody than White prisoners.
False.
In 2024, Black prisoners served the greatest proportion of their original sentence in custody (62%), compared with 56% for White and 53% for Asian prisoners (Ministry of Justice, 2025).
How does the risk of personal crime victimisation vary by ethnicity?
The risk of personal crime victimisation varies by ethnicity: in 2024/25, 12.1% of Black adults and 10.9% of White adults were victims of personal crime, compared with 8.8% of Asian adults (Crime Survey for England and Wales).
True or False?
Black adults are less confident than White adults that the criminal justice system is effective.
False.
Black adults (67%) were more likely than White adults (44%) to be confident that the criminal justice system is effective (Crime Survey for England and Wales, 2024/25).
How can poverty and deprivation help explain the link between ethnicity and crime?
Poverty and deprivation can help explain the link because, along with unemployment, they increase the strain to achieve material success legally, as in Merton's strain theory, so crime may become a rational response to economic marginalisation.
What did the Macpherson Report (1999) conclude about the Metropolitan Police?
The Macpherson Report concluded that the Metropolitan Police were institutionally racist, with racial prejudice built into police practices and culture, not just individual attitudes.
In 2023, the ___________ found institutional racism, misogyny and homophobia in the Metropolitan Police.
In 2023, the Casey Review found institutional racism, misogyny and homophobia in the Metropolitan Police.
True or False?
Institutional racism leads only to the over-policing of Black communities.
False.
Institutional racism can also lead to the under-protection of Black communities when they are victims of crime.
What did Gilroy (1982) argue about the idea of higher Black criminality?
Gilroy argued that the idea of higher Black criminality is a myth created by racist media and policing.
Gilroy saw Black ___________ as a form of political resistance against discrimination, inequality and colonial oppression.
Gilroy saw Black crime as a form of political resistance against discrimination, inequality and colonial oppression.
How do critics challenge Gilroy's view of Black crime?
Critics argue that Gilroy romanticised Black crime and ignored the fact that most victims of Black offenders are also Black.
How did Hall et al. (1978) argue the state and media used Black youth?
Hall et al. argued that the state and media scapegoated Black youth through a 1970s moral panic about mugging, to divert attention from economic problems such as unemployment and strikes.
How have police forces tried to reform policing of ethnic minorities?
Police forces have tried to reform policing by recruiting more ethnic minority officers and improving training on cultural awareness.
What share of Metropolitan Police officers are from ethnic minorities?
Ethnic minorities make up only 19% of Metropolitan Police officers, compared with 46% of London's population (Home Office, 2026).
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