Life Chances & Power: Ethnicity (WJEC Eduqas GCSE Sociology): Flashcards
Exam code: C200
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Define ethnic group.
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Cards in this collection (16)
Define ethnic group.
An ethnic group is a social group whose members share a common identity, such as language, religion, culture and traditions.
Define ethnic minorities.
Ethnic minorities are people who belong to an ethnic group that is different from the majority.
True or False?
Most sociologists see race as a biological category.
False.
Most sociologists argue that racial differences are socially constructed, not biological.
How does under-representation in power affect ethnic minorities?
Under-representation gives ethnic minorities less influence over political and legal decisions that affect their lives.
Which ethnic groups often outperform White British pupils?
Chinese and Indian pupils often outperform White British pupils.
Define institutional racism.
Institutional racism is when policies, systems or practices in organisations disadvantage ethnic minorities, even without deliberate intent.
The ___________ Report (1999) exposed institutional racism in the Metropolitan Police after the murder of Stephen Lawrence.
The Macpherson Report (1999) exposed institutional racism in the Metropolitan Police after the murder of Stephen Lawrence.
What did the Equality and Human Rights Commission (2016) find about the pay of Black graduates?
The Equality and Human Rights Commission (2016) found that Black workers with degrees earned 23.1% less on average than White workers with degrees, which is an example of the ethnicity pay gap.
How do ethnic minorities experience the criminal justice system?
In the criminal justice system, police are more likely to stop and search ethnic minorities, who are also over-represented in the prison population.
Define Islamophobia.
Islamophobia is prejudice against Muslims, which has grown in the UK since the early 2000s.
What did Stuart Hall argue the moral panic about mugging was used for?
Hall, a Marxist, argued that stories about mugging served to distract public attention from wider government and economic problems.
What did Teun van Dijk (1991) find about media coverage of ethnic minorities?
Van Dijk found that the media often link ethnic minorities with crime, terrorism or cultural problems, while ignoring positive contributions.
True or False?
Marxists argue that racism benefits the working class.
False.
Castles and Kosack (1973) argue that racism benefits the ruling class by dividing the working class.
Marxists argue that employers use ethnic minorities as a reserve ______ of labour, hiring them in booms and firing them in recessions.
Marxists argue that employers use ethnic minorities as a reserve army of labour, hiring them in booms and firing them in recessions.
How does Charles Murray (1990) link ethnicity to inequality?
Murray, a New Right thinker, links minority ethnic groups to an underclass, claiming that welfare dependency discourages work.
How do functionalists view ethnic diversity?
Functionalists see ethnic diversity as potentially positive, bringing cultural variety and new ideas, but argue that too much immigration can be dysfunctional.
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