IGCSEMathsEdexcelMaths AFoundationFlashcards1. Numbers & the Number SystemNumber Operations

Number Operations (Edexcel IGCSE Maths A: Foundation): Flashcards

Exam code: 4MA1

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    What is an exponent?

Cards in this collection (33)

  • What is an exponent?

    An exponent is a power or order used in mathematical expressions to represent repeated multiplication of a base number.

    E.g. In the expression 4 to the power of 5, the 5 is the exponent.

  • What does the symbol ≈ mean?

    The symbol ≈ means approximately equal to.

  • True or False?

    The equals sign (=) is used to show that two expressions are identical.

    False.

    The equals sign (=) is used to show that two expressions are equal, while the identical sign (≡) is used to show that two expressions are identical.

  • What is an inequality?

    An inequality is a statement that compares two quantities in terms of their size using symbols such as >, <, ≥, or ≤.

  • True or False?

    The symbol ± is used to represent two distinct answers.

    True.

    The symbol ± is used to represent two distinct (different) answers, often in quadratic equations.

  • What does this symbol square root of blank end root represent?

    square root of blank end root is the positive square root.

    It represents the positive result when you find perform the opposite (inverse) operation of squaring a number.

    negative square root of blank end root is the negative square root.

  • What do the letters of BIDMAS/BODMAS represent?

    The letters in BIDMAS/BODMAS represent: Brackets, Indices, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction.

    BIDMAS/BODMAS is an acronym that stands for the order of operations in mathematics.

  • True or False?

    When using BIDMAS/BODMAS on a calculation that only involves addition and subtraction, the calculation should be performed from left to right.

    E.g. table row blank blank cell 2 minus 5 plus 7 minus 3 minus 2 end cell end table

    True.

    When using BIDMAS/BODMAS on a calculation that only involves addition and subtraction, the calculation should be performed from left to right.

    E.g. table row blank blank cell 2 minus 5 plus 7 minus 3 minus 2 end cell end table
    table row blank equals cell negative 3 plus 7 minus 3 minus 2 end cell row blank equals cell 4 minus 3 minus 2 end cell row blank equals cell 1 minus 2 end cell row blank equals cell negative 1 end cell end table

  • True or False?

    When using BIDMAS/BODMAS on a calculation that only involves multiplication and division, the divisions should always be performed first.

    E.g. 3 cross times 8 divided by 2 cross times 9

    False.

    When using BIDMAS/BODMAS on a calculation that only involves multiplication and division, the calculation should be performed from left to right.

    E.g. 3 cross times 8 divided by 2 cross times 9
    equals 24 divided by 2 cross times 9 equals 12 cross times 9 equals 108

  • Define the place value of a digit.

    The place value of a digit is the value it stands for because of its position in the number.

    In 9876 the 8 sits in the hundreds place, so its value is 800.

  • In the number 87 654, what is the value of the digit 7?

    The digit 7 has a value of 7000, or seven thousand.

    It sits in the thousands place, so it stands for 7 lots of 1000 rather than simply 7.

  • Complete the sentence about place value:

    Each place in a number is worth \_\_\_\_\_\_ times the place immediately to its \_\_\_\_\_\_.

    The completed sentence is:

    Each place in a number is worth ten times the place immediately to its right.

    So moving one place to the left multiplies a digit's value by 10, and moving one place to the right divides it by 10.

  • What are the first three decimal places called, reading from the decimal point?

    The first three decimal places are the tenths, hundredths and thousandths.

    In 36.952 the 9 is worth 0.9, the 5 is worth 0.05 and the 2 is worth 0.002.

  • True or False?

    23.45678 is read as "twenty three point four five six seven eight".

    True.

    The whole number part is read as usual, and the digits after the decimal point are then read one at a time.

    You would not read the decimal part as a single number, such as "point forty five thousand six hundred and seventy eight".

  • A race time is recorded as 14.263 seconds. What is the value of the digit 3?

    The digit 3 has a value of 0.003 seconds, or three thousandths of a second.

    It sits in the third decimal place, so it stands for 3 lots of 0.001.

  • Why is a large number such as 54 687 321 written with spaces, and where do the spaces go?

    The spaces split the digits into groups of three, counted from the ones digit and working left, which makes the place values much easier to read.

    So 54687321 is normally written as 54 687 321.

  • True or False?

    Multiplying two negative numbers results in a negative value.

    False.

    When multiplying two negative numbers, the result is a positive value.

  • When multiplying a positive and a negative, is the resultant value positive or negative?

    When multiplying a positive and a negative, the result is a negative value.

  • True or False?

    Subtracting a negative number is the same as adding a positive number.

    True.

    Subtracting a negative number is the same as adding a positive number.

  • True or False?

    When finding the square of a negative number, the result is positive.

    True.

    When finding a square of a negative number, the result is positive.

    This is because you are multiplying a negative by a negative, which results in a positive.

  • When finding the cube of a negative number, is the result positive or negative?

    When finding the cube of a negative number, you are multiplying a negative by a negative, by a negative so the final result is a negative.

  • True or False?

    Subtracting a negative from a number will always result in a positive answer.

    False.

    Although subtracting a negative number is equivalent to adding a positive number, the final result will only be positive if the number you are adding it to is large enough.

    For example, the calculation negative 3 minus negative 5 equals 2 but the calculation negative 7 minus negative 5 equals negative 2.

  • True or False?

    open parentheses negative 3 close parentheses squared equals negative 3 squared

    False.

    open parentheses negative 3 close parentheses squared equals negative 3 cross times negative 3 equals 9 but negative 3 squared equals negative open parentheses 3 cross times 3 close parentheses equals negative 9.

    It is always important to put brackets around negative values when you are substituting them into calculations!

  • Define the term currency.

    A currency is a system of money in general use in a particular country or region.

  • True or False?

    Final answers in calculations with money should always be rounded to the nearest integer.

    False.

    You should usually round answers involving money to two decimal places.

    However, you may sometimes be asked to round answers to the nearest integer.

  • True or False?

    Large monetary amounts, such as the cost of a car, are usually rounded to the nearest whole number, e.g. nearest dollar.

    True.

    Large monetary amounts, such as the cost of a car, are usually rounded to the nearest whole number.

  • True or False?

    Monetary values given in more than two decimal places within a question should be rounded to two decimal places before doing any calculations.

    False.

    Monetary values given in more than two decimal places should be used in the working.

    They should only be rounded for the final answer.

  • True or false?

    a cross times b is the same as b cross times a.

    True.

    a cross times b is the same as b cross times a.

    For example, 5 cross times 0.05 is the same as 0.05 cross times 5.

    It is okay to swap them round.

  • True or false?

    a minus b is the same as b minus a.

    False.

    a minus b is not the same as b minus a.

    For example, 10 minus 2 is not the same as 2 minus 10.

    The first gives 8 but the second gives negative 8.

  • True or false?

    If 6 cross times 17 equals 102 then 17 equals 6 over 102.

    False.

    The correct answer is: if 6 cross times 17 equals 102 then 17 equals 102 over 6.

    That is because a cross times b equals c means b equals c over a (the c stays on the top of the fraction).

  • How would you use the fact that 9 cross times 15 equals 135 to work out 900 cross times 150 ?

    You could write 900 cross times 150 as 9 cross times 10 cross times 10 cross times 15 cross times 10.

    Then bring the 9 and 15 together, giving 9 cross times 15 cross times 10 cross times 10 cross times 10.

    You know that 9 cross times 15 equals 135 so the number above becomes 135 cross times 10 cross times 10 cross times 10.

    Multiplying by ten each time adds an extra zero, so the answer is 135 space 000.

  • True or false?

    If 3 cross times 2 equals 6 then 0.3 cross times 0.2 equals 0.6.

    False.

    0.3 cross times 0.2 is the same as open parentheses 3 divided by 10 close parentheses cross times open parentheses 2 divided by 10 close parentheses.

    This is also the same as open parentheses 3 cross times 2 close parentheses divided by open parentheses 10 cross times 10 close parentheses.

    Alternatively, you can use fractions to see this: 3 over 10 cross times 2 over 10 equals 6 over 100.

    The correct answer is 0.3 cross times 0.2 equals 0.06.

  • What is the first line of working when simplifying fraction numerator 126 over denominator 1.4 end fraction?

    fraction numerator 126 over denominator 1.4 end fraction equals 1260 over 14.

    You multiply the top and bottom of the fraction by 10 to remove the decimal.

    These two fractions are identical, so you can continue working on the second one.

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