Exam code: 4XSD1
Which of these statements is correct?
Microwaves always travel faster than radio waves.
Microwaves always travel slower than radio waves.
Microwaves and radio waves travel at the same speed in a vacuum.
Microwaves and radio waves travel at the same speed in all materials.
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Which of the following electromagnetic waves has the shortest wavelength?
infrared
microwaves
ultraviolet
visible light
Which of these statements about electromagnetic waves is not correct?
electromagnetic waves are longitudinal
electromagnetic waves can transfer energy
electromagnetic waves can travel between stars
electromagnetic waves travel at the same speed in free space
Which of the following is a use for x-rays?
broadcasting television
cooking a potato
looking at the internal structure of objects
looking through night vision goggle
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All types of electromagnetic radiation from the Sun are emitted with
the same amplitude
the same frequency
the same speed
the same wavelength
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The diagram shows a wave on the sea.
Which letter shows the amplitude of the wave?
Option A
Option B
Option C
Option D
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Describe one difference between transverse and longitudinal waves.
Draw a labelled diagram to help your answer.
State two properties that are the same for all electromagnetic waves.
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The names of two parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are missing.
radio waves | A | infrared | visible light | ultraviolet | B | gamma rays |
Complete the table with the names of the missing parts.
Name | |
|---|---|
A | |
B |
The Sun emits visible light, infrared and ultraviolet that travel through space and reach the surface of the Earth.
State two similarities between visible light, infrared and ultraviolet.
Too much exposure to infrared and ultraviolet can cause damage to the human body. State the damage that each can cause.
Seven colours can be seen in the visible light spectrum.
Which colour has the longest wavelength?
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Different types of waves are used in hospitals. Some of the waves used are electromagnetic.
Which of these properties is the same for all electromagnetic waves?
Amplitude
Frequency
Speed in free space
Wavelength in free space
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The diagram shows part of a water wave.
Which letter represents the amplitude?
Option A
Option B
Option C
Option D
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The diagram shows a water wave.
What is the amplitude of the wave?
1 cm
2 cm
4 cm
8 cm
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Some types of wave are used in hospitals.
A scanner uses one type of wave to check for broken bones. What type of wave is emitted by the scanner?
infrared
microwave
ultrasound
x-rays
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The Sun emits different types of electromagnetic waves.
Which of the following properties is the same for all the waves?
amplitude
frequency
speed
wavelength
Which type of electromagnetic wave causes sunburn and snow blindness?
gamma rays
infrared
radio waves
ultraviolet
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The Earth receives different types of electromagnetic waves from the Sun.
These include
infrared
ultraviolet
visible light
Complete the table by arranging these three types of electromagnetic wave in order of decreasing wavelength.
longest wavelength ⟶ shortest wavelength | ||
|---|---|---|
Name two other types of electromagnetic wave.
Ultraviolet waves are useful, but they can be dangerous.
(i) State two uses of ultraviolet waves.
[2]
(ii) State two dangers of ultraviolet waves.
[2]
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A man watches some waves pass his boat.
He sees the crest of the waves pass him every 5 s.
Calculate the frequency of these waves.
frequency = ............................ Hz
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Microwaves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Which part of the electromagnetic spectrum has longer wavelengths than microwaves?
gamma rays
radio waves
ultraviolet light
visible light
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The diagram shows part of a water wave.
Which letter represents the wavelength?
Option A
Option B
Option C
Option D
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The diagram shows a water wave.
What is the wavelength of the wave?
2 cm
4 cm
8 cm
20 cm
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The table shows the main sections of the electromagnetic spectrum.
The arrow below the table shows the direction of
increasing wave amplitude
increasing wave frequency
increasing wave speed
increasing wavelength
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The diagram shows a wave on the sea.
Which letter shows the wavelength of the wave?
Option A
Option B
Option C
Option D
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Water waves are transverse waves. Other waves can be longitudinal.
State a similarity and a difference between a transverse wave and a longitudinal wave.
A student writes some sentences about electromagnetic waves. Their teacher underlines a mistake in each sentence.
In the table, write a suitable correction for each mistake.
The first one has been done for you.
Sentence | Correction |
Electromagnetic waves travel at 3 × 10−2 m/s in a vacuum. | 3 × 108 |
Sound waves are electromagnetic. |
|
Infra-red waves are the most harmful to people. |
|
Gamma waves are used for heating up food. |
|
Radio waves have the highest frequency. |
|
Gamma waves have the longest wavelength. |
|
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Gamma radiation is used in hospitals even though it can be dangerous.
Describe one use of gamma radiation in hospitals.
(i) Explain the risks to patients and doctors of using gamma radiation.
[2]
(ii) State one way of reducing the risks to a doctor who uses gamma radiation.
[1]
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The table shows the main sections of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) State two sections of the spectrum that are used for communications.
[2]
(ii) State two sections of the spectrum that are used for cooking.
[2]
A radio station broadcasts at a frequency of 200 kHz. The wavelength of the radio waves is 1500 m.
(i) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
[1]
(ii) Calculate the speed of these radio waves and give the unit.
[3]
speed = ...................... unit ........
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The chart lists some electromagnetic radiations.
radio | microwave | infrared | visible light | ultraviolet | x-ray | gamma |
Complete the table by giving one radiation from the chart from each use.
You may give each radiation once, more than once, or not at all.
Use for radiation | Type of radiation |
|---|---|
cooking | |
treating cancer | |
identifying broken bones |
William Herschel was a scientist who investigated infrared radiation. He passed electromagnetic radiation from the Sun through a triangular glass prism. The prism refracted different radiations by different amounts.
The paths of yellow and blue visible light rays are shown in the diagram.
Add to the diagram to show how the prism refracts an infrared ray.
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Some waves travel across the sea.
They all have the same wavelength.
What is meant by the term wavelength?
The waves travel across the sea at 3.0 m/s and have a frequency of 1.5 Hz.
(i) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
[1]
(ii) Calculate the wavelength of the waves
[2]
wavelength = ........................... m
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Which of these electromagnetic radiations has a frequency greater than ultraviolet?
infrared
gamma rays
radio waves
visible light
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A pulsar is a type of star.
We receive radiation from a pulsar in regular short bursts called pulses.
Some pulsars emit radio waves. Other pulsars emit x-rays.
(i) State a property of waves that is the same for radio waves and x-rays.
[1]
(ii) State two properties of waves that are different for radio waves and x-rays.
[2]
The graph shows five pulses of the signal from a pulsar.
(i) Use the graph to estimate the average time between each pulse.
[2]
(ii) Calculate the frequency of the pulses in the signal.
Give the unit.
[2]
frequency = .......................... units ...........
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The diagram represents a microwave travelling in free space from point A to point B.
The distance from A to B is 0.60 m.
Calculate the wavelength of this microwave.
wavelength = ................................
(i) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
[1]
(ii) Calculate the frequency of this microwave.
[speed of microwave in free space = 3.0 × 108 m/s]
[3]
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A microphone is connected to an oscilloscope to display a sound wave.
The diagram shows the trace on the oscilloscope screen.
The oscilloscope settings are:
Y direction: 1 square = 1 V
X direction: 1 square = 0.001 s
(i) How many time periods are shown on the trace?
[1]
(ii) What is the frequency of the sound wave?
[2]
On the grid below, sketch the trace of a sound wave with a smaller amplitude and a higher frequency than the wave shown by the dotted line.
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In 1901, Marconi received the first radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean.
The frequency of Marconi’s radio wave was 820 kHz and the wavelength was 366 m.
(i) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength for radio waves.
[1]
(ii) Calculate the speed of the radio waves Marconi received.
[2]
speed of radio waves = .................................. m/s
Some people do not believe that Marconi received 820 kHz radio waves.
They think that the frequency was really twice as much: 1640 kHz.
If these people are correct, what wavelength radio waves did Marconi receive?
wavelength = .......................... m
Other people do not think Marconi received a radio signal across the Atlantic Ocean at all.
They think the radio waves he received were really caused by electrostatic discharges from storm clouds.
Explain what happens when a storm cloud discharges.
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Ultrasound waves are also used to produce images.
This is an ultrasound image of a fetus surrounded by fluid.
The ultrasound image is caused by waves which bounce off the fetus.
This is an example of waves that are
absorbed
reflected
refracted
repelled
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A student has some LEDs connected in a circuit. They emit light of different colours.
The different colours of light are waves which must have:
the same amplitude in free space
the same frequency in free space
the same speed in free space
the same wavelength in free space
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A student is listening to a radio.
The radio is powered by batteries that provide a direct current (d.c.).
What is direct current?
Radio waves are part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
(i) Suggest a property of radio waves that makes them suitable for use in communication.
[1]
(ii) Complete the table to show uses and possible harmful effects of some other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum.
[4]
Part of the electromagnetic spectrum | Use | Possible harmful effect on people |
Microwaves | ||
Gamma |
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A scanner uses one type of wave to check for broken bones.
An image of the bone is seen because the waves from the scanner are
absorbed by the bone
reflected by the bone
refracted by the bone
transmitted by the bone
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A remote control emits infrared waves to operate a television.
The television receives infrared waves and radio waves.
It emits light waves and sound waves.
Which type of wave has the highest frequency?
infrared
light
radio
sound
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Different types of waves are used in hospitals.
(i) Draw a line linking each type of electromagnetic wave with its use.
[2]
(ii) Electromagnetic waves are transverse.
Describe how the vibrations of a transverse wave relate to the direction in which the wave travels.
[1]
Another type of wave used in hospitals is ultrasound. Ultrasound waves are used to make images of internal organs.
A scanner emits an ultrasound wave into the patient and records any reflections.
(i) The scanner records the time from when a wave is emitted to when its reflection is received.
A technician calculates the depth of the reflection using the equation
Explain why the technician uses the value in the equation.
[2]
(ii) An ultrasound wave travels faster in the patient than it does in air.
Explain how a change in speed affects the wavelength of the ultrasound wave.
[2]
Name one type of wave that is used in cancer treatment and explain what it does during the treatment.
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Ultrasound waves are sound waves with a very high frequency. They are often used for medical purposes.
Dentists use ultrasound waves to clean patients’ teeth.
The diagram shows an ultrasound cleaner removing plaque from teeth.
The tip of the ultrasound cleaner vibrates 96 million times per second and is sprayed with water.
(i) State the frequency of the ultrasound emitted by the cleaner and give the unit.
[2]
frequency = ....................... unit .....
(ii) Suggest how the cleaner removes plaque.
[1]
(iii) Suggest why water is sprayed on the tip of the cleaner.
[1]
(i) State the equation linking wave speed, frequency and wavelength.
[1]
(ii) The ultrasound waves have a wavelength of 0.00044 m and travel at a speed of 1540 m/s in the fluid.
Calculate the frequency, in MHz, of the ultrasound waves.
[3]
Other waves also have medical uses.
Ultraviolet waves are used by doctors to cure some skin conditions.
Suggest two differences between ultrasound waves and ultraviolet waves.
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