2.4 Ions & Ionic Bonds (Cambridge (CIE) O Level Chemistry): Flashcards
Exam code: 5070
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- FrontIons & Ionic Bonds
Define an ion.
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Define an ion.
An ion is an electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of electrons. Ions form to achieve a full outer shell of electrons.
True or False?
Metal atoms lose electrons to form positively charged ions called cations.
True.
Metal atoms lose electrons from their outer shell to form positively charged ions called cations. Non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negatively charged ions called anions.
Why do atoms form ions?
Atoms form ions by losing or gaining electrons to achieve a full outer shell of electrons. This gives the ion the same electronic configuration as a noble gas, which is a more stable arrangement.
An ionic bond is a strong ______ attraction between ______ charged ions.
An ionic bond is a strong electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
In the formation of sodium chloride, describe what happens to the electrons, stating which particle loses or gains them.
A sodium atom loses one electron from its outer shell to form a Na+ ion.
A chlorine atom gains that electron to achieve a full outer shell, forming a Cl- ion.
The oppositely charged ions are then held together by strong electrostatic attraction.
When a sodium atom loses one electron, it forms a ______ ion with the electronic configuration ______.
When a sodium atom loses one electron, it forms a Na+ ion with the electronic configuration 2,8.
Define a giant lattice structure in the context of ionic compounds.
A giant lattice structure is a regular, three-dimensional arrangement of oppositely charged ions held together by strong electrostatic forces acting in all directions.
True or False?
In an ionic lattice, positive and negative ions alternate in a regular, repeating arrangement.
True.
In an ionic lattice, the positive metal ions and negative non-metal ions alternate in a regular, repeating three-dimensional structure.
An ionic compound has a ______ structure with a strong ______ attraction between positive and negative ions.
An ionic compound has a giant structure with a strong electrostatic attraction between positive and negative ions.
True or False?
Ionic compounds can be formed between two non-metal elements.
False.
Ionic compounds form when metal atoms react with non-metal atoms (or molecules). Metal atoms lose electrons to form positive ions, and non-metal atoms gain electrons to form negative ions.
Why does an ionic compound have no overall charge?
An ionic compound has no overall charge because the total positive charge of the metal ions exactly balances the total negative charge of the non-metal ions.
For example, in MgO the 2+ charge of Mg2+ is balanced by the 2- charge of O2-.
Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points?
Ionic compounds have a giant structure in which there is a strong attraction between positive and negative ions acting in all directions. A large amount of energy is needed to overcome these forces.
An ionic compound has a ______ structure and conducts electricity when ______ or ______, but not in the solid state.
An ionic compound has a giant structure and conducts electricity when molten or aqueous (dissolved in water), but not in the solid state.
Why can an ionic compound conduct electricity when molten but not when solid?
In the solid state, the ions are held in fixed positions in the lattice and cannot move to carry charge.
When molten, the ions are free to move and can carry an electric current.
True or False?
An ionic compound conducts electricity in the solid state because it contains ions.
False.
In the solid state, the ions are locked in fixed positions and cannot move to carry charge. An ionic compound only conducts electricity when molten or aqueous (dissolved in water).
Magnesium oxide has a ______ melting point than sodium chloride because the ______ on its ions is greater.
Magnesium oxide has a higher melting point than sodium chloride because the charge on its ions is greater (Mg2+ and O2- compared to Na+ and Cl-).
True or False?
An ionic compound dissolved in water can conduct electricity.
True.
When an ionic compound dissolves in water, the ions separate and are free to move through the solution, allowing them to carry an electric current.
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