11.3. Fuels (Cambridge (CIE) O Level Chemistry): Flashcards
Exam code: 5070
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Define a hydrocarbon.
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Define a hydrocarbon.
A hydrocarbon is a compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
In a fractional distillation column, temperature is highest at the ______ and lowest at the ______.
In a fractional distillation column, temperature is highest at the bottom and lowest at the top.
How does the boiling point of crude oil fractions change as chain length increases?
Boiling point increases with chain length because longer chains have stronger intermolecular forces and require more energy to overcome.
Fractions with ______ chain lengths have lower boiling points and are collected near the ______ of the fractionating column.
Fractions with shorter chain lengths have lower boiling points and are collected near the top of the fractionating column.
True or False?
Bitumen has a higher boiling point than kerosene because bitumen molecules have shorter carbon chains.
False.
Bitumen molecules have longer carbon chains than kerosene, which gives bitumen a higher boiling point.
Viscosity ______ as chain length increases in crude oil fractions.
Viscosity increases as chain length increases in crude oil fractions.
Which fraction is collected at the top of the fractionating column, and why?
Refinery gas is collected at the top because it has the shortest carbon chains, the lowest boiling point and vaporises completely under the column conditions.
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