11.1 Formulae, Functional Groups & Terminology (Cambridge (CIE) O Level Chemistry): Flashcards
Exam code: 5070
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- FrontOrganic Formulae
Define a displayed formula.
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Define a displayed formula.
A displayed formula shows every atom and every bond in a molecule, including all bonds to hydrogen.
A structural formula shows all atoms and key bonds but omits ______ bonds between carbon atoms.
A structural formula shows all atoms and key bonds but omits single bonds between carbon atoms.
How does a displayed formula differ from a structural formula?
A displayed formula shows every atom and every bond. A structural formula shows all atoms and key bonds but omits single bonds between carbon atoms.
Two structural isomers share the same ______ formula but have different ______ formulae.
Two structural isomers share the same molecular formula but have different structural formulae.
True or False?
A displayed formula shows only the bonds between carbon atoms, not bonds to hydrogen.
False.
A displayed formula shows all atoms and all bonds in a molecule, including bonds to hydrogen.
In a structural formula, double and triple bonds are ______ shown, even though single C-C bonds may be omitted.
In a structural formula, double and triple bonds are always shown, even though single C-C bonds may be omitted.
What are structural isomers?
Structural isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae, meaning the atoms are arranged differently.
Define a homologous series.
A homologous series is a group of compounds sharing the same functional group and the same general formula, with each successive member differing by a CH2 unit and similar chemical properties.
Members of a homologous series differ from one member to the next by one ______ unit.
Members of a homologous series differ from one member to the next by one CH2 unit.
What are the characteristics of a homologous series?
Members have the same functional group, the same general formula and similar chemical properties, differing from one member to the next by a CH2 unit and displaying a trend in physical properties such as boiling point.
The general formula of the alkenes is ______.
The general formula of the alkenes is CnH2n.
True or False?
All members of a homologous series have the same general formula but different functional groups.
False.
All members of a homologous series share the same functional group as well as the same general formula.
The general formula of the alcohols is ______.
The general formula of the alcohols is CnH2n+1OH.
What is the general formula of the carboxylic acids?
The general formula of the carboxylic acids is CnH2n+1COOH, where n is the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain.
Define a saturated hydrocarbon.
A saturated hydrocarbon contains only single bonds between carbon atoms.
An unsaturated compound contains at least one carbon-carbon ______ bond.
An unsaturated compound contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
How can you test whether a hydrocarbon is saturated or unsaturated?
Add bromine water: an unsaturated hydrocarbon decolourises the orange bromine water to colourless, while a saturated hydrocarbon causes no change.
Alkanes are ______ because they contain only single C-C bonds, whereas alkenes are ______ because they contain a carbon-carbon double bond.
Alkanes are saturated because they contain only single C-C bonds, whereas alkenes are unsaturated because they contain a carbon-carbon double bond.
True or False?
Alkenes are saturated hydrocarbons because they contain only carbon and hydrogen atoms.
False.
Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons because they contain a carbon-carbon double bond, not only single bonds.
Bromine water remains ______ when added to a saturated hydrocarbon, showing no reaction has occurred.
Bromine water remains orange when added to a saturated hydrocarbon, showing no reaction has occurred.
Why are alkanes described as saturated?
Alkanes are described as saturated because they contain only single bonds between carbon atoms.
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