Exam code: H556
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Ultrasound
This question is about the medical use of ultrasound.
In ultrasound scanning, explain what is meant by impedance (acoustic) matching and how it may be achieved.
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There are several different types of ultrasound scanning techniques.
Explain how an A-scan could be used to measure the thickness of a patient’s eye lens. You may draw a diagram to help with your answer.
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Explain how an ultrasound transducer can emit ultrasound. You do not need to describe the design of the transducer.
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Explain how the reflection of ultrasound at a boundary between two tissues depends on the physical properties of the tissues.
[3]
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The density of a sample of bone is . The speed of ultrasound in the bone is .
Calculate the acoustic impedance of bone.
= .................................................. kg m−2 s−1
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An ultrasound pulse is incident at the boundary between muscle and bone.
The acoustic impedance of muscle is .
Use your answer to (a) to calculate the intensity reflection coefficient for this boundary.
intensity reflection coefficient = ..................................................
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Describe the principles of an ultrasound B-scan and how it differs from an A-scan.
Your answer should include:
how the ultrasound is produced
the role of the coupling gel
how the 2D image is built up
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