1. Lifestyle, Health and Risk

The Circulatory System

The Need for a Circulatory System

The Importance of Water in Transport

Mammalian Heart: Structure & Function

Blood Vessels: Structure & Function

Cardiac Cycle

Investigating Heart Rate

Atherosclerosis

Blood Clotting

Diet & Health

Cardiovascular Disease

Interpreting Data on Risk Factors

Treatment of CVD

Energy Budgets & Diet

Monosaccharides

The Glycosidic Bond

Disaccharides

Polysaccharides

Lipids & Ester Bonds

Reducing Risk Factors of CVD

Practical: Vitamin C Content

2. Genes and Health

Gas Exchange, Cell Membranes & Transport

Properties of Gas Exchange Surfaces

Fick's Law of Diffusion

The Mammalian Lung

Cell Membranes

Practical: Investigating Membrane Structure & Permeability

Diffusion & Facilitated Diffusion

Active Transport

Osmosis

Nucleic Acids

Nucleotides & Phosphodiester Bonds

DNA: Structure

RNA: Structure

Proteins

Transcription

Translation

Nature of the Genetic Code

Amino Acids & Peptide Bonds

Levels of Protein Structure

Globular Proteins: Structure & Function

Fibrous Proteins: Structure & Function

The Role of Enzymes

Mode of Enzyme Action

Practical: Investigating the Effect Enzyme and Substrate Concentrations

Inheritance

DNA Replication

Mutations

Inheritance: Key Terms

Pedigree Diagrams

Monohybrid Crosses

Chi-squared Test

Genetic Screening

3. Voice of the Genome

Cell Structure & Organisation

Cell Theory

Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic Cells

Organisation of Cells

Microscopy

Magnification Calculations

Recognising Organelles

Cell Division

The Cell Cycle

Mitosis

Practical: Identifying Mitosis in Plant Cells

Reproduction & Inheritance

Mammalian Gametes

Fertilisation in Mammals

Genes & Linkage

Meiosis: Source of Genetic Variation

Differentiation & Variation

Stem Cells

Stem Cells in Medicine

Cell Differentiation

Epigenetics

Phenotypes & Variation

4. Biodiversity and Natural Resources

Biodiversity

The Variety of Life

Measuring Biodiversity Within a Habitat

Comparing Biodiversity Between Habitats

Ecological Niches & Adaptations

Natural Selection

Hardy-Weinberg Equation

Reproductive Isolation

Classification

Conservation of Biodiversity

Resources from Plants

Plant Cell Structure

Plant Stems

Importance of Water & Inorganic Ions to Plants

Starch & Cellulose: Structure & Function

Plant Fibres

Practical: Identifying Tissue Types Within Stems

Practical: Determining the Tensile Strength of Plant Fibres

Development of Drug Testing

Antimicrobial Properties of Plants

Sustainability & Plant Materials

Exam boards

• OCR AS Biology
• AQA AS Biology
• Cambridge (CIE) AS Biology

Study tools

• Edexcel AS Biology (A) SNAB · Exam Questions
• Edexcel AS Biology (A) SNAB · Past Papers

Related links

• AS Biology · Revision Notes
• AS Biology · Exam Questions
• AS Biology · Past Papers
• Edexcel AS Biology (A) SNAB · Exam specification