Define state sovereignty .

State sovereignty is the principle that each country has the authority to govern itself without external interference.

Which UN treaty, agreed in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit, set the framework for international climate cooperation?

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) , agreed in 1992, set the framework for international climate cooperation.

Define decarbonisation .

Decarbonisation is reducing or ending the use of fossil fuels that emit carbon dioxide and replacing them with renewable energy sources.

Which 1997 treaty set the first legally binding greenhouse gas emission targets for developed countries?

The Kyoto Protocol (1997) set the first legally binding greenhouse gas emission targets for developed countries.

True or False? Under the Paris Agreement, countries review and enhance their Nationally Determined Contributions every ten years.

False. Nationally Determined Contributions are reviewed and enhanced every five years .

Define carbon neutrality .

Carbon neutrality (net-zero) means balancing the amount of CO2 emitted with an equivalent amount of CO2 removed.

Countries submit Nationally Determined (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement, outlining their climate action plans.

Countries submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement, outlining their climate action plans.

What temperature limit does the Paris Agreement set for global warming?

The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C .

Define a cross-border carbon tax .

A cross-border carbon tax is a levy imposed on imported goods based on the carbon emissions produced during their manufacture.

By what year has the UK committed to reaching carbon neutrality?

The UK has committed to reaching carbon neutrality by 2050 .

Germany has committed to reaching carbon neutrality by .

Germany has committed to reaching carbon neutrality by 2045 .

What is the aim of the EU Green Deal?

The EU Green Deal aims to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050 .

True or False? Norway generates almost all of its electricity from solar power.

False. Norway generates nearly 100% of its electricity from renewable sources, primarily hydropower .

Name three steps countries can take towards decarbonisation.

Steps towards decarbonisation include transitioning to renewable energy , improving energy efficiency and electrification .

What does the abbreviation CCS stand for in decarbonisation?

CCS stands for Carbon Capture and Storage , the process of capturing CO2 emissions and storing them securely underground.

Define afforestation .

Afforestation is the process of planting trees on land that has not been previously forested.

True or False? Reforestation means planting trees on land that has never been forested before.

False. Reforestation means replanting trees on land that was previously forested but has since been cleared or degraded.

Define climate change mitigation .

Climate change mitigation is reducing and stabilising greenhouse gas emissions by cutting emissions at their source and removing GHGs already in the atmosphere.

What is the purpose of a carbon tax as a mitigation strategy?

A carbon tax is a tax on carbon emissions used to incentivise a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.

Sustainable livestock management techniques, such as improved feed quality and rotational grazing, reduce emissions from agriculture.

Sustainable livestock management techniques, such as improved feed quality and rotational grazing, reduce methane emissions from agriculture.

Define geoengineering .

Geoengineering mitigation strategies include solar radiation management techniques, such as stratospheric aerosol injection, that reflect sunlight back into space.

What carbon removal technique directly extracts carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

Direct air capture (DAC) is a carbon removal technique used to extract carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere.

Where is carbon dioxide typically stored after being captured through carbon capture and storage?

Captured carbon dioxide from Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is typically stored underground or in other long-term repositories.

Give one transport policy that governments can use to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Governments can implement fuel efficiency standards for vehicles, or promote electric vehicles and public transport, to reduce transport emissions.

True or False? Insulation and efficient lighting are examples of energy efficiency measures used to reduce energy consumption.

True. Energy efficiency measures, such as insulation, efficient lighting and higher efficiency appliances, reduce energy consumption.

Protecting existing forests and promoting rewilding initiatives help to increase natural carbon .

Protecting existing forests and promoting rewilding initiatives help to increase natural carbon sinks .

Name two renewable energy sources that can replace fossil fuels as a mitigation strategy.

Renewable energy sources used as alternatives to fossil fuels include solar , wind , hydro and geothermal energy.

Define climate change adaptation .

Climate change adaptation strategies aim to reduce the adverse effects of climate change and maximise potential positive outcomes.

True or False? Restoring natural floodplains, wetlands and mangroves increases flood risk in coastal areas.

False. Restoring natural floodplains, wetlands and mangroves provides natural buffers that reduce flood risk.

National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) are plans developed by Least Developed Countries to identify and prioritise urgent adaptation needs, submitted to the UNFCCC.

Which country has implemented NAPA projects to improve flood forecasting and early warning systems?

Bangladesh has implemented NAPA projects to improve flood forecasting and early warning systems.

Which country has developed a NAPA strategy to enhance food security through drought-resistant crops?

Malawi has developed a NAPA strategy to enhance food security through drought-resistant crops and sustainable land management.

The Netherlands Programme involves constructing robust flood defences and adaptive water management systems to protect against sea-level rise.

The Netherlands Delta Programme involves constructing robust flood defences and adaptive water management systems to protect against sea-level rise.

What does New York City's OneNYC plan aim to protect against?

New York City's OneNYC plan includes measures to protect against coastal flooding and enhance green infrastructure.

True or False? The UK Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA) identifies flood risk management and resilient infrastructure as adaptation priorities.

True. The UK Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA) identifies key risks and adaptation priorities, including flood risk management and resilient infrastructure.

With UNDP support, how has Samoa adapted to climate change?

With UNDP support, Samoa has improved its coastal infrastructure to protect communities from storm surges.

How has Bhutan adapted its agriculture to a changing climate?

Bhutan has developed climate-resilient agricultural practices to adapt to changing weather patterns.

Define desalination .

Desalination is the process of removing salt from seawater to increase freshwater availability in water-scarce regions.

Restricting development in flood-prone areas and requiring elevated construction are examples of land and building code changes.

Restricting development in flood-prone areas and requiring elevated construction are examples of land zoning and building code changes.

What role does the UN Development Programme (UNDP) play in climate adaptation?

The UNDP helps developing countries create and implement adaptation plans by providing technical and financial support.

Give one example of an agricultural adaptation to a changing climate.

Agricultural adaptations to climate change include implementing soil management techniques to conserve water and nutrients in changing conditions.

IBEnvironmental Systems & Societies (ESS)DPSLFlashcards6. Atmosphere & Climate Change6.3 Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation

6.3 Climate Change Mitigation & Adaptation (DP IB Environmental Systems & Societies (ESS): SL): Flashcards

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Define state sovereignty.

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Cards in this collection (41)

Define state sovereignty.
State sovereignty is the principle that each country has the authority to govern itself without external interference.
Which UN treaty, agreed in 1992 at the Rio Earth Summit, set the framework for international climate cooperation?
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), agreed in 1992, set the framework for international climate cooperation.
Define decarbonisation.
Decarbonisation is reducing or ending the use of fossil fuels that emit carbon dioxide and replacing them with renewable energy sources.
Which 1997 treaty set the first legally binding greenhouse gas emission targets for developed countries?
The Kyoto Protocol (1997) set the first legally binding greenhouse gas emission targets for developed countries.
True or False?
Under the Paris Agreement, countries review and enhance their Nationally Determined Contributions every ten years.
False.
Nationally Determined Contributions are reviewed and enhanced every five years.
Define carbon neutrality.
Carbon neutrality (net-zero) means balancing the amount of CO2 emitted with an equivalent amount of CO2 removed.
Countries submit Nationally Determined (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement, outlining their climate action plans.
Countries submit Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) under the Paris Agreement, outlining their climate action plans.
What temperature limit does the Paris Agreement set for global warming?
The Paris Agreement aims to limit global warming to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, pursuing efforts to limit it to 1.5°C.
Define a cross-border carbon tax.
A cross-border carbon tax is a levy imposed on imported goods based on the carbon emissions produced during their manufacture.
By what year has the UK committed to reaching carbon neutrality?
The UK has committed to reaching carbon neutrality by 2050.
Germany has committed to reaching carbon neutrality by .
Germany has committed to reaching carbon neutrality by 2045.
What is the aim of the EU Green Deal?
The EU Green Deal aims to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050.
True or False?
Norway generates almost all of its electricity from solar power.
False.
Norway generates nearly 100% of its electricity from renewable sources, primarily hydropower.
Name three steps countries can take towards decarbonisation.
Steps towards decarbonisation include transitioning to renewable energy, improving energy efficiency and electrification.
What does the abbreviation CCS stand for in decarbonisation?
CCS stands for Carbon Capture and Storage, the process of capturing CO2 emissions and storing them securely underground.
Define afforestation.
Afforestation is the process of planting trees on land that has not been previously forested.
True or False?
Reforestation means planting trees on land that has never been forested before.
False.
Reforestation means replanting trees on land that was previously forested but has since been cleared or degraded.
Define climate change mitigation.
Climate change mitigation is reducing and stabilising greenhouse gas emissions by cutting emissions at their source and removing GHGs already in the atmosphere.
What is the purpose of a carbon tax as a mitigation strategy?
A carbon tax is a tax on carbon emissions used to incentivise a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.
Sustainable livestock management techniques, such as improved feed quality and rotational grazing, reduce emissions from agriculture.
Sustainable livestock management techniques, such as improved feed quality and rotational grazing, reduce methane emissions from agriculture.
Define geoengineering.
Geoengineering mitigation strategies include solar radiation management techniques, such as stratospheric aerosol injection, that reflect sunlight back into space.
What carbon removal technique directly extracts carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?
Direct air capture (DAC) is a carbon removal technique used to extract carbon dioxide directly from the atmosphere.
Where is carbon dioxide typically stored after being captured through carbon capture and storage?
Captured carbon dioxide from Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is typically stored underground or in other long-term repositories.
Give one transport policy that governments can use to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Governments can implement fuel efficiency standards for vehicles, or promote electric vehicles and public transport, to reduce transport emissions.
True or False?
Insulation and efficient lighting are examples of energy efficiency measures used to reduce energy consumption.
True.
Energy efficiency measures, such as insulation, efficient lighting and higher efficiency appliances, reduce energy consumption.
Protecting existing forests and promoting rewilding initiatives help to increase natural carbon .
Protecting existing forests and promoting rewilding initiatives help to increase natural carbon sinks.
Name two renewable energy sources that can replace fossil fuels as a mitigation strategy.
Renewable energy sources used as alternatives to fossil fuels include solar, wind, hydro and geothermal energy.
Define climate change adaptation.
Climate change adaptation strategies aim to reduce the adverse effects of climate change and maximise potential positive outcomes.
True or False?
Restoring natural floodplains, wetlands and mangroves increases flood risk in coastal areas.
False.
Restoring natural floodplains, wetlands and mangroves provides natural buffers that reduce flood risk.
Define NAPAs.
National Adaptation Programmes of Action (NAPAs) are plans developed by Least Developed Countries to identify and prioritise urgent adaptation needs, submitted to the UNFCCC.
Which country has implemented NAPA projects to improve flood forecasting and early warning systems?
Bangladesh has implemented NAPA projects to improve flood forecasting and early warning systems.
Which country has developed a NAPA strategy to enhance food security through drought-resistant crops?
Malawi has developed a NAPA strategy to enhance food security through drought-resistant crops and sustainable land management.
The Netherlands Programme involves constructing robust flood defences and adaptive water management systems to protect against sea-level rise.
The Netherlands Delta Programme involves constructing robust flood defences and adaptive water management systems to protect against sea-level rise.
What does New York City's OneNYC plan aim to protect against?
New York City's OneNYC plan includes measures to protect against coastal flooding and enhance green infrastructure.
True or False?
The UK Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA) identifies flood risk management and resilient infrastructure as adaptation priorities.
True.
The UK Climate Change Risk Assessment (CCRA) identifies key risks and adaptation priorities, including flood risk management and resilient infrastructure.
With UNDP support, how has Samoa adapted to climate change?
With UNDP support, Samoa has improved its coastal infrastructure to protect communities from storm surges.
How has Bhutan adapted its agriculture to a changing climate?
Bhutan has developed climate-resilient agricultural practices to adapt to changing weather patterns.
Define desalination.
Desalination is the process of removing salt from seawater to increase freshwater availability in water-scarce regions.
Restricting development in flood-prone areas and requiring elevated construction are examples of land and building code changes.
Restricting development in flood-prone areas and requiring elevated construction are examples of land zoning and building code changes.
What role does the UN Development Programme (UNDP) play in climate adaptation?
The UNDP helps developing countries create and implement adaptation plans by providing technical and financial support.
Give one example of an agricultural adaptation to a changing climate.
Agricultural adaptations to climate change include implementing soil management techniques to conserve water and nutrients in changing conditions.

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