Was the Weimar Republic Doomed From the Start? (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE History): Flashcards
Exam code: 0470 & 0977
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Define Kaiser.
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Cards in this collection (52)
Define Kaiser.
The Kaiser was the German word for 'King', the title of the ruler who held dictatorial power over Germany before 1918.
Define Armistice.
An armistice is an agreement to stop fighting, which Germany signed with the Allies on 11th November 1918 to end the First World War.
Define Abdication.
Abdication is when a ruler gives up their throne, as Kaiser Wilhelm II did on 9th November 1918 before fleeing to the Netherlands.
Define Proportional representation.
Proportional representation was the Weimar voting system in which one seat was equivalent to 60,000 votes, ensuring smaller parties were represented in the Reichstag.
How many German soldiers died between 1914 and 1918?
Between 1914 and 1918, two million German soldiers died and four million more were wounded.
Who became Chancellor of the new Weimar Republic after the Kaiser abdicated?
Friedrich Ebert, the leader of the SPD, became Chancellor of the new Weimar Republic after the Kaiser abdicated.
In which town did the National Assembly meet to write the constitution?
The National Assembly met in the town of Weimar to write the constitution, giving the Weimar Republic its name.
How many times did Ebert use Article 48 between 1923 and 1924?
Ebert used Article 48 63 times between 1923 and 1924.
What body did Ebert create to govern Germany until elections could be held?
Ebert created the Council of People's Representatives, six politicians who would govern Germany until elections could be held.
Germany's debt trebled from 50 billion marks in 1914 to billion marks in 1918.
Germany's debt trebled from 50 billion marks in 1914 to 150 billion marks in 1918.
On 9th November 1918, the Kaiser's military advisers told him he must to stop the civil unrest.
On 9th November 1918, the Kaiser's military advisers told him he must abdicate to stop the civil unrest.
True or False?
The German navy mutinied in the ports of Kiel and Hamburg in October 1918.
True.
In October 1918, the German navy mutinied in the ports of Kiel and Hamburg, part of the wave of civil unrest in the Revolution of 1918.
True or False?
The SPD won a clear majority in the January 1919 elections.
False.
The SPD won 40% of the vote but lacked a majority, so they had to rule in a coalition government with other parties.
Define Reparations.
Reparations were payments Germany had to make to the Allies as a condition of surrender, set at 132 billion gold marks (£6.6 billion).
Define Dolchstoss.
Dolchstoss means a 'stab in the back', the idea that German politicians had betrayed the country by signing the Treaty of Versailles.
Define Anschluss.
Anschluss was the union between Germany and Austria, which Article 80 of the Treaty of Versailles forbade.
Define Hyperinflation.
Hyperinflation is when prices rise rapidly and become out of control, as happened in Germany in 1923.
Which article of the Treaty of Versailles was the 'War Guilt' Clause?
Article 231 was the 'War Guilt' Clause, forcing Germany to accept responsibility for starting the First World War.
To how many men was Germany's army restricted under the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany's army was restricted to 100,000 men under Article 160 of the Treaty of Versailles.
What nickname was given to the politicians who signed the Treaty of Versailles?
The politicians who signed the Treaty of Versailles were called the 'November Criminals'.
Who led the Spartacist Uprising of January 1919?
The Spartacist Uprising was led by Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht.
Which region did the French and Belgian armies occupy when Germany failed to pay reparations?
The French and Belgian armies occupied the Ruhr region of Germany.
The Treaty of Versailles set Germany's reparations at 132 billion marks.
The Treaty of Versailles set Germany's reparations at 132 billion gold marks.
Ebert ordered the Reichswehr to organise units to fight the Spartacist Uprising.
Ebert ordered the Reichswehr to organise Freikorps units to fight the Spartacist Uprising.
True or False?
The Kapp Putsch was a right-wing challenge to the Weimar Republic.
True.
The Kapp Putsch was a right-wing challenge to the Weimar Republic, whereas the Spartacist Uprising was a left-wing challenge.
True or False?
The most extreme version of left-wing politics is Fascism.
False.
The most extreme version of the left-wing is Communism; Fascism is the most extreme version of the right-wing.
Define Rentenmark.
The Rentenmark was the new currency introduced by Stresemann in November 1923, worth one trillion of the old marks and backed by the gold standard.
Define Dawes Plan.
The Dawes Plan of 1924 restructured Germany's reparations and brought US foreign investment into German industry.
Define Young Plan.
The Young Plan of 1929 reduced total reparations to £2 billion and extended the repayment period to 59 years.
Define Kellogg-Briand Pact.
The Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 was an agreement, signed by Germany and 61 other countries, that war should never be used to resolve disputes.
When did Stresemann become chancellor of Germany?
Stresemann became chancellor of Germany in August 1923.
In which year did Germany join the League of Nations?
Germany joined the League of Nations as a permanent member in 1926.
What did Stresemann say Germany was doing in 1929 to describe its economic dependence on the USA?
In 1929 Stresemann stated that Germany was 'dancing on a volcano', because its economy depended on the US economy.
Which prize did Stresemann win in 1926?
Stresemann won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1926.
Who replaced Friedrich Ebert as president in 1925?
Paul von Hindenburg replaced Friedrich Ebert as president in 1925.
As a result of the Locarno Treaties, in September 1926 Stresemann obtained German membership of the of Nations.
As a result of the Locarno Treaties, in September 1926 Stresemann obtained German membership of the League of Nations.
The Locarno Treaties were signed in December , improving Germany's relationship with Europe.
The Locarno Treaties were signed in December 1925, improving Germany's relationship with Europe.
True or False?
One Rentenmark was the equivalent of a trillion old marks.
True.
One Rentenmark was the equivalent of a trillion old marks, restoring a stable currency to Germany.
True or False?
Stresemann died in office on 3rd October 1929.
True.
Stresemann died in office of a heart attack on 3rd October 1929, shortly before the Wall Street Crash.
Define Bauhaus.
Bauhaus was a design movement founded by Walter Gropius in 1919 that used geometric shapes and materials such as concrete to create practical buildings.
Define Welfare state.
A welfare state is the concept that the government supports and improves the well-being of its citizens.
Define New Woman.
The 'New Woman' of the 1920s was independent, career-minded and reluctant to become a wife or mother.
Define Expressionism.
Expressionism in Weimar Germany used grotesque or exaggerated figures in violent scenes to make the audience uncomfortable and question their society.
Who founded the Bauhaus movement?
Walter Gropius founded the Bauhaus movement in Weimar Germany in 1919.
Which 1922 Weimar film was the world's first vampire film?
Nosferatu, directed by F. W. Murnau in 1922, was the world's first vampire film.
What did the Unemployment Insurance Act of 1927 pay an insured German who could not work?
The Unemployment Insurance Act of 1927 paid an insured German who could not work 60 Reichsmarks per week.
At what age could all women vote under the Weimar Constitution?
Under the Weimar Constitution, all women over the age of 21 could vote, the same access as German men.
Which movement protested against the progression of Weimar society and wanted a return to traditional values?
The Wandervögel movement protested against the progression of Weimar society and wanted a return to traditional values.
The Weimar government funded the 1926 science-fiction film through an organisation called UFA.
The Weimar government funded the 1926 science-fiction film Metropolis through an organisation called UFA.
By 1929, the income of workers was 44% below the national average.
By 1929, the income of agricultural workers was 44% below the national average.
True or False?
By 1925, the employment rate of women had fallen to 36%.
True.
By 1925, the employment rate of women had fallen to 36%, roughly the same as before the First World War.
True or False?
The Nazi Party (NSDAP) supported the experimental culture of the Weimar Republic.
False.
The NSDAP believed Weimar culture was destroying German traditions and was responsible for the moral decline of German society.
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