What was the Impact of Stalin's Economic Policies? (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE History): Flashcards
Exam code: 0470 & 0977
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Define Five-Year Plans.
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Cards in this collection (48)
Define Five-Year Plans.
The Five-Year Plans were Stalin's economic programmes, introduced in 1928, that aimed to rapidly industrialise the USSR by setting economic targets over five-year intervals.
Define Gosplan.
Gosplan was the 'State Committee for Planning' that Stalin created to organise the Five-Year Plans, setting targets for each region, factory, manager and worker.
Define Stakhanovite movement.
The Stakhanovite movement was a campaign, named after Aleksei Stakhanov, that encouraged Soviet workers to exceed their production quotas.
In which year did Stalin introduce the Five-Year Plans?
Stalin introduced the Five-Year Plans in 1928.
Which type of industry did the First Five-Year Plan aim to develop?
The First Five-Year Plan aimed to develop heavy industry, such as coal, iron, steel and electricity.
Which steelworks was built during the First Five-Year Plan?
The steelworks built during the First Five-Year Plan was Magnitogorsk.
What nickname did Stalin gain that reflected his desire to be seen as a great leader?
Stalin gained the nickname 'Man of Steel'.
Why did the Third Five-Year Plan have to be abandoned?
The Third Five-Year Plan had to be abandoned because of the Second World War.
During the power struggle, adopting state-owned industry helped Stalin undermine and the Right of the Party.
During the power struggle, adopting state-owned industry helped Stalin undermine Bukharin and the Right of the Party.
On 31 August 1935, Aleksei Stakhanov reportedly mined tons of coal in less than 6 hours.
On 31 August 1935, Aleksei Stakhanov reportedly mined 102 tons of coal in less than 6 hours.
True or False?
Stalin used foreign help and investment from countries like Britain and the USA for the Five-Year Plans.
True.
Stalin utilised foreign help and investment from countries such as Britain and the USA to assist the Five-Year Plans.
True or False?
The targets set by Gosplan were usually realistic and easily achieved.
False.
The targets set by Gosplan were ambitious and usually unachievable.
Define Collectivisation.
Collectivisation was Stalin's policy, introduced in 1928, of combining individual farms into large collective farms to increase agricultural productivity.
Define Kolkhoz.
A Kolkhoz was a collective-owned farm on which members received a share of the farm's output and profit based on the days they worked.
Define Sovkhoz.
A Sovkhoz was a state-owned farm on which peasants were salaried workers paid a wage, with all decisions made by government officials.
Define Holodomor.
The Holodomor means 'death by hunger' and refers to the famine in Ukraine caused when the government took all the food from peasants who could not meet their grain quota.
In which year did Stalin introduce collectivisation?
Stalin introduced collectivisation in 1928.
How much food did the USSR have to import in 1928 due to food shortages?
In 1928, the USSR had to import 2 million tons of food due to food shortages.
Which group of wealthier peasants were viewed as class enemies under collectivisation?
The wealthier peasants viewed as class enemies were the kulaks.
What were introduced during the second stage of collectivisation?
The second stage of collectivisation introduced machine tractor stations (MTS).
How did peasants often resist collectivisation?
Peasants often resisted by destroying crops and animals rather than handing them over to the government.
In 1932, the government increased the grain for Ukraine despite there being a poor harvest.
In 1932, the government increased the grain quota for Ukraine despite there being a poor harvest.
True or False?
Collectivisation and the Five-Year Plans were the same policy.
False.
Although both began in 1928, the Five-Year Plans focused on rapid industrialisation while collectivisation aimed to increase the efficiency of agriculture.
True or False?
A Sovkhoz was larger on average than a Kolkhoz.
True.
Sovkhozes averaged 15,300 hectares, while Kolkhozes were smaller at an average of 5,900 hectares.
Define dekulakisation.
Dekulakisation was the policy of eliminating the kulaks as a class, which Stalin succeeded in achieving by 1934.
Define GULAG.
The GULAG was the Soviet system of labour camps in which prisoners completed manual labour and had production targets under the Five-Year Plans.
How much grain did the USSR produce by 1940?
By 1940, the USSR's grain production had increased to 95 million tons.
By what year had Stalin eliminated the kulaks as a class?
Stalin had eliminated the kulaks as a class by 1934.
Which country was the second-largest producer of steel in 1940?
The USSR was the second-largest producer of steel in 1940.
How many people died building Magnitogorsk in its first five years?
In the first five years of building Magnitogorsk, 10,000 people died.
Roughly how many people did the famines of Stalin's regime kill?
The famines of Stalin's regime killed nearly 13 million people.
How much grain did the USSR export in 1933?
The USSR exported 1.69 million tons of grain in 1933.
Because the Five-Year Plans focused on speed rather than efficiency, products were often of quality compared to Western products.
Because the Five-Year Plans focused on speed rather than efficiency, products were often of poor quality compared to Western products.
After collectivisation, peasants had only one acre of land for personal use, compared to an average of acres before.
After collectivisation, peasants had only one acre of land for personal use, compared to an average of 13.5 acres before.
True or False?
Industrialisation allowed the USSR to rearm quickly and fight in the Second World War.
True.
Stalin abandoned the third Five-Year Plan to focus on rearmament, and industrialisation allowed the USSR to rearm quickly and fight in the Second World War.
True or False?
Roughly one million kulaks were executed or removed from their land under collectivisation.
False.
Nearly ten million kulaks were executed or removed from their land under collectivisation.
Define nomenklatura.
The nomenklatura were the new ruling class of skilled workers and officials who held the top government jobs under Stalin.
Define komunalki.
A komunalki was a communal apartment, typically shared by multiple families, where many workers lived because housing was expensive.
What percentage of the workforce did women make up by 1940?
By 1940, women made up 40% of the workforce.
How did the number of doctors per head in the USSR compare to Britain by 1940?
By 1940, the USSR had double the number of doctors per head than Britain.
What happened to workers' wages between 1928 and 1937?
Workers' wages fell between 1928 and 1937.
What did businesses establish to help female employees?
Businesses established creches to help female employees.
What did the state give to non-Soviet workers to monitor them during the Five-Year Plans?
The state gave internal passports to non-Soviet workers to monitor them.
In which year did the Doctors' Plot take place?
The Doctors' Plot took place in 1953.
If unskilled workers could not meet their production targets, this led to fines, the loss of jobs and, in severe cases, .
If unskilled workers could not meet their production targets, this led to fines, the loss of jobs and, in severe cases, arrest.
During the Doctors' Plot, nine doctors were arrested, at least of whom were Jewish.
During the Doctors' Plot, nine doctors were arrested, at least six of whom were Jewish.
True or False?
Under the Five-Year Plans, unemployment was nearly non-existent.
True.
A positive impact of the Five-Year Plans on unskilled workers was that unemployment was nearly non-existent.
True or False?
Women were treated equally to men in the workplace under Stalin.
False.
Women were not treated equally to men in the workplace, and the state still expected them to continue their domestic duties alongside their work.
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