Did the United States Contain the Spread of Communism? (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE History): Flashcards
Exam code: 0470 & 0977
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Define containment.
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Cards in this collection (49)
Define containment.
Containment was the US policy of stopping the spread of communism to other countries.
Define the Domino Theory.
The Domino Theory was the US belief that if one country fell to communism, surrounding countries would fall like a row of dominoes.
Define McCarthyism.
McCarthyism was the period in the early 1950s when Joseph McCarthy used rumours and threats to try to expose Communists in the US government.
Define isolationism.
Isolationism was the US foreign policy, followed before the Second World War, of refusing to get involved in other countries' affairs.
In which year did the Communist uprising in Russia take place?
The Communist uprising in Russia took place in 1917.
Which 1946 document advised Truman that the USA should contain communism to the USSR?
The Long Telegram (1946) advised Truman that the USA should contain communism to the USSR.
Which doctrine officially replaced isolationism with containment in 1947?
The Truman Doctrine (1947) officially replaced isolationism with containment.
Which country turned Communist in 1949 under Mao Zedong?
China turned Communist in 1949 under Mao Zedong.
The Red Scare of the was the belief that immigration had brought Communists everywhere in the USA.
The Red Scare of the 1920s was the belief that immigration had brought Communists everywhere in the USA.
The USSR had created satellite states in between 1945 and 1948.
The USSR had created satellite states in Eastern Europe between 1945 and 1948.
True or False?
The USA successfully overthrew communism in Korea, Cuba and Vietnam.
False.
In each of these attempts, the USA failed to overthrow communism, and by 1973 containment had ruined the USA's international reputation.
True or False?
Joseph McCarthy was a Republican representative in the US Senate.
True.
Joseph McCarthy was an ex-soldier and a Republican representative in the US Senate who became a powerful anti-Communist figure.
Define the 38th Parallel.
The 38th Parallel was the line along which the Allies split Korea into two equal-sized territories in 1945.
Define an armistice.
An armistice was the agreement to stop fighting that North Korea accepted in 1953, ending the Korean War with Korea still divided.
Who was the Communist leader of North Korea?
The Communist leader of North Korea was Kim Il Sung.
Who was the unpopular leader of South Korea?
The unpopular leader of South Korea was Syngman Rhee.
In which month and year did North Korea invade South Korea?
North Korea invaded South Korea in June 1950.
Which general commanded the UN forces in Korea?
The UN forces in Korea were commanded by General MacArthur.
Why could the USSR not veto UN action against North Korea?
The USSR could not veto UN action because it was boycotting the UN at the time, having walked out in January 1950.
Define the Domino Theory as a cause of US involvement in Korea.
The Domino Theory was the US belief that if Korea fell to communism, Japan would be next.
UN forces led by General MacArthur pushed the North Korean troops back to the River near the Chinese border.
UN forces led by General MacArthur pushed the North Korean troops back to the Yalu River near the Chinese border.
The Korean War caused four million casualties and the deaths of US soldiers.
The Korean War caused four million casualties and the deaths of 50,000 US soldiers.
True or False?
President Truman authorised General MacArthur to launch a nuclear attack on China.
False.
MacArthur asked Truman to authorise a nuclear attack on China, but Truman refused for fear of Soviet retaliation and fired MacArthur.
True or False?
The Korean War ended with Korea reunited under a single government.
False.
The peace treaty kept Korea divided, with North Korea remaining Communist and forming closer ties to China.
Define a trade embargo.
A trade embargo was the ban on trade that Eisenhower began with Cuba by October 1960, cutting off US purchases of Cuban goods.
Define Cuban exiles.
Cuban exiles were the 1,400 anti-Castro Cubans the CIA trained and sent to invade Cuba at the Bay of Pigs.
Who led the Cuban Revolution against Batista?
The Cuban Revolution against Batista was led by Fidel Castro.
On what date did Castro's forces defeat Batista?
Castro's forces defeated Batista on 1st January 1959.
Roughly how far is Cuba from the mainland USA?
Cuba is about 90 miles from the mainland USA.
On what date did the Bay of Pigs invasion begin?
The Bay of Pigs invasion began on 17th April 1961.
Which US spy plane photographed the missile launch pads in Cuba on 14th October 1962?
A U-2 spy plane photographed the missile launch pads in Cuba on 14th October 1962.
What action did Kennedy announce against Cuba on 22nd October 1962?
On 22nd October 1962, Kennedy announced a US blockade of Cuba.
The Bay of Pigs invasion force surrendered to Castro's government in less than hours.
The Bay of Pigs invasion force surrendered to Castro's government in less than 24 hours.
In a secret part of the deal, Khrushchev achieved the removal of US missiles in .
In a secret part of the deal, Khrushchev achieved the removal of US missiles in Turkey.
True or False?
The 'Thirteen Days' ran from 16th to 28th October 1962.
True.
The 'Thirteen Days' refers to the period of 16th October to 28th October 1962, when the world came closest to nuclear war.
True or False?
After the crisis, Cuba stopped being Communist.
False.
Cuba remained Communist and allied to the USSR, and Kennedy promised not to invade, which was a failure of containment.
Define the Viet Cong.
The Viet Cong was the National Liberation Front created by Ho Chi Minh in 1960, including Communists from North Vietnam and peasants from South Vietnam.
Define the Ho Chi Minh Trail.
The Ho Chi Minh Trail was the supply route used by North Vietnam to transport weapons and supplies southwards, despite constant US bombing.
Define guerrilla warfare.
Guerrilla warfare was the Viet Cong tactic of setting traps, ambushing soldiers and using Vietnam's forests to attack and hide rather than fighting in open warfare.
Along which parallel did the Geneva Peace Accords split Vietnam?
The Geneva Peace Accords split Vietnam along the 17th Parallel.
Who was the respected Communist leader of North Vietnam?
The respected Communist leader of North Vietnam was Ho Chi Minh, known as 'Uncle Ho'.
Which unpopular leader of South Vietnam was assassinated in a coup in November 1963?
The unpopular South Vietnamese leader assassinated in November 1963 was Ngo Dinh Diem.
Which 1964 incident led Congress to authorise US military action in Vietnam?
The Gulf of Tonkin incident (1964) led Congress to authorise US military action in Vietnam.
Which US bombing campaign of North Vietnam began in March 1965?
Operation Rolling Thunder began in March 1965.
Which 1973 agreement officially ended US involvement in Vietnam?
The Paris Peace Accords of January 1973 officially ended US involvement in Vietnam.
In March 1968, the My Lai Massacre saw over Vietnamese civilians killed by US troops.
In March 1968, the My Lai Massacre saw over 400 Vietnamese civilians killed by US troops.
During the war, the USA dropped tonnes of bombs on Vietnam.
During the war, the USA dropped three million tonnes of bombs on Vietnam.
True or False?
The USA used chemicals such as Napalm and Agent Orange to destroy the forest the Viet Cong hid in.
True.
The USA used chemicals like Napalm and Agent Orange to destroy the dense forest the Viet Cong hid in, causing high civilian casualties.
True or False?
By 1975, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia had all become Communist.
True.
By 1975, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia became Communist, showing that containment had failed politically.
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