Why was Hitler Able to Dominate Germany by 1934? (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE History): Flashcards
Exam code: 0470 & 0977
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Define DAP.
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Define DAP.
The DAP (German Workers' Party) was a right-wing party founded by Anton Drexler in February 1919 that targeted the working classes.
Who founded the DAP and in what month and year?
The DAP was founded by Anton Drexler in February 1919.
Why did the German government first send Hitler to attend a DAP meeting?
The government sent Hitler to spy on political parties in Munich and report how dangerous they were.
Hitler attended his first DAP meeting on 12th September 1919 and signed up as a member on September 1919.
Hitler attended his first DAP meeting on 12th September 1919 and signed up as a member on 19th September 1919.
Define Twenty-Five Point Programme.
The Twenty-Five Point Programme was the political programme written by Hitler and Drexler in January 1920 that formalised the party's aims, mixing nationalist and socialist ideas.
What did the NSDAP stand for?
The NSDAP stood for the National Socialist German Workers' Party.
True or False?
By June 1920, the DAP had 1,000 members.
True.
The DAP grew rapidly in 1920, reaching 1,000 members by June 1920 and 3,000 by the end of the year, mainly due to the appeal of Hitler.
Define orator.
An orator is a skilled public speaker; Hitler's skill as an orator persuaded audiences and increased Nazi Party membership.
Which contest did Hitler trigger in July 1921?
In July 1921, Hitler triggered a leadership contest, which he won by defeating Drexler to gain control of the NSDAP.
Define SA.
The SA (Sturmabteilung), nicknamed the 'Brownshirts', was the NSDAP's private army, formed in August 1921.
In January 1922, Hitler called a party conference at which he established his control of the NSDAP.
In January 1922, Hitler called a party conference at which he established his autocratic control of the NSDAP.
How many members did the NSDAP have by November 1923?
By November 1923, the NSDAP had 50,000 members.
Define The Lean Years.
The Lean Years is the term historians use for 1924-1928, when the German people considered the NSDAP a small, extremist group after the Munich Putsch.
In which month and year did Hitler launch the Munich Putsch?
Hitler launched the Munich Putsch in November 1923.
Which respected military veteran did Hitler include in the putsch to rally army support?
Hitler included General Ludendorff in the putsch to rally the support of the army.
Which crime were Hitler and Ludendorff tried for after the putsch?
Hitler and Ludendorff went on trial for high treason.
What was the title of the book Hitler wrote in Landsberg Prison?
In Landsberg Prison, Hitler wrote a book called Mein Kampf ('My Struggle').
Hitler served only months of his five-year sentence before being released from prison.
Hitler served only nine months of his five-year sentence before being released from prison.
Define Lebensraum.
Lebensraum means 'living space'; Hitler theorised that the Aryan race needed more territory, taken from Eastern Europe, so the population could grow.
Define gauleiter.
A gauleiter was the local Nazi Party leader in charge of one of the 35 regions (gaue) into which Hitler divided Germany.
Who became head of the SS?
Heinrich Himmler became head of the SS.
In which Bavarian town did Hitler hold a party conference in 1926?
Hitler held the 1926 party conference in Bamberg, Bavaria.
True or False?
In the May 1928 election, the Nazi Party won 12 seats in the Reichstag.
True.
In the May 1928 election, the Nazi Party won only 12 seats (roughly 3% of votes), making them the seventh biggest party in the Reichstag.
By 1929, the NSDAP had members, yet historians still call this period 'The Lean Years'.
By 1929, the NSDAP had 100,000 members, yet historians still call this period 'The Lean Years'.
In what month and year did Hitler become Chancellor of Germany?
Hitler became Chancellor of Germany in January 1933.
Which event triggered the economic collapse in Germany known as the Depression?
The Wall Street Crash triggered economic collapses across Europe, including Germany.
By January 1933, unemployment in Germany had reached million people.
By January 1933, unemployment in Germany had reached 6.1 million people.
Who organised Hitler's political campaigns in 1930 and 1932?
Goebbels organised Hitler's political campaigns in 1930 and 1932.
Which party did Chancellor Heinrich Brüning lead?
Heinrich Brüning was the leader of the Centre Party.
On what date did Brüning resign as Chancellor?
Brüning resigned on 30th May 1932, having lost majority support in the Reichstag.
What nickname did the German public give von Papen's government?
The German public called von Papen's government 'the Cabinet of Barons'.
What share of the vote did the Nazi Party receive in the July 1932 election?
In the July 1932 election, the Nazi Party received 38% of the vote, becoming the biggest party in the Reichstag.
True or False?
In the November 1932 election, the Nazi share of the vote fell to 33%.
True.
In the November 1932 election, the NSDAP's share of the vote reduced to 33%, though they remained the biggest party.
On what date did Hindenburg appoint von Schleicher as Chancellor?
Hindenburg appointed von Schleicher as Chancellor on 2nd December 1932.
Von Schleicher asked Hindenburg to suspend the constitution so he could form a dictatorship.
Von Schleicher asked Hindenburg to suspend the constitution so he could form a military dictatorship.
Define co-chancellor.
A co-chancellor was the role von Papen proposed for himself alongside Hitler's chancellorship, believing he could control Hitler and make the real decisions for Germany.
On what date did the Reichstag building burn down?
The Reichstag building burnt down on 27th February 1933.
Who was arrested at the scene of the Reichstag Fire?
A Dutch Communist named Marinus van der Lubbe was arrested at the scene and later executed.
Define Reichstag Fire Decree.
The Reichstag Fire Decree was an emergency law that let Hitler scapegoat the KPD, imprison political opponents and shut down Communist newspapers.
What share of the vote did the Nazis win in the March 1933 election?
The Nazis won nearly 44% of the vote, still short of the two-thirds majority needed to change the constitution.
The Act became law on 24th March 1933, letting Hitler's cabinet pass laws without the Reichstag's approval.
The Enabling Act became law on 24th March 1933, letting Hitler's cabinet pass laws without the Reichstag's approval.
By how many votes was the Enabling Act passed?
The Enabling Act was passed by 444 votes to 94.
True or False?
Only the SPD opposed the Enabling Act vote.
True.
Only the SPD opposed the vote; all 81 Communist Party members were absent and the SA intimidated other Reichstag members.
What did the German Labour Front replace in May 1933?
The Nazi-controlled German Labour Front replaced the abolished trade unions in May 1933.
In July 1933, all political parties except the were banned, creating a one-party state.
In July 1933, all political parties except the NSDAP were banned, creating a one-party state.
On what date did the Night of the Long Knives take place?
The Night of the Long Knives took place on 30th June 1934.
Which SA leader was arrested and shot during the Night of the Long Knives?
Ernst Röhm, head of the SA, was arrested and later shot, along with around 400 SA members.
Define Führer.
Führer was the title Hitler took after Hindenburg's death on 2nd August 1934, when he combined the positions of president and chancellor.
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