Why Did the Tsarist Regime Collapse in 1917? (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE History): Flashcards
Exam code: 0470 & 0977
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Define Tsar.
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Cards in this collection (60)
Define Tsar.
Tsar is the Russian word for 'King', the autocratic ruler of Russia.
Define Slavophiles.
Slavophiles were Russians who saw Russia as a special country that needed protection and who distrusted Europe.
Define Westernisers.
Westernisers were Russians who looked to Europe for inspiration and wanted to apply it to Russia.
Define mir.
A mir was a Russian village, where most Russians lived in 1905.
Which dynasty established control over Russia in 1613?
The dynasty that established control over Russia in 1613 was the Romanov dynasty.
What were the three 'pillars' that Russian society stood upon?
The three 'pillars' of Russian society were the tsar, the Orthodox Church and the Army.
In which year did Tsar Alexander II free the serfs through the Emancipation Edict?
Tsar Alexander II freed the serfs through the Emancipation Edict in 1861.
Which calendar did Russia continue to use in 1905?
In 1905, Russia continued to use the Julian Calendar.
By 1905, of Russia's population lived in the countryside.
By 1905, 87% of Russia's population lived in the countryside.
More than of Russia's population were illiterate.
More than 60% of Russia's population were illiterate.
True or False?
Russia had experienced an industrial revolution by 1905.
False.
Russia had not experienced an industrial revolution, and its limited industry developed in the west of the empire.
True or False?
The Russian Empire spanned both Europe and Asia.
True.
The Russian Empire was nearly 5,000 kilometres wide and spanned both Europe and Asia.
Define Okhrana.
The Okhrana was the secret police in Tsarist Russia, which investigated, arrested and tortured suspects.
Define zemstvo.
A zemstvo was a rural council in the Russian Empire whose representatives were elected by the people.
Define bourgeoisie.
The bourgeoisie were the industrialists and business owners who had a lot of money but very little power.
Define kulaks.
Kulaks were the small number of peasants who could buy land through the Peasant Land Bank.
Which mountain range divided the Russian Empire?
The Russian Empire was divided by the Ural Mountains.
Who was the Finance Minister behind the 'Great Spurt' of the 1890s?
The Finance Minister behind the 'Great Spurt' of the 1890s was Sergei Witte.
Which railway did Russia begin constructing to develop its economy?
Russia began construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
Who wrote The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital with Friedrich Engels?
The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital were written by Karl Marx with Friedrich Engels.
Only of the population of the Russian Empire was ethnic Russian.
Only 40% of the population of the Russian Empire was ethnic Russian.
Around of the population were peasants.
Around 80% of the population were peasants.
True or False?
Russia had an elected parliament, or duma, before 1905.
False.
There was no elected parliament or duma, as the tsar did not believe his people should have the right to vote.
True or False?
In 1903, the Social Democrats split into the Mensheviks and the Bolsheviks.
True.
In 1903 the Social Democrats split into the Mensheviks ('Minority'), led by Martov, and the Bolsheviks ('Majority'), led by Lenin.
Define Bloody Sunday.
Bloody Sunday was the event on 22nd January 1905 when the army opened fire on protestors at the Winter Palace, starting the revolution.
Define Soviets.
Soviets were elected councils created by workers in major towns to represent their demands for better pay and working conditions.
Define October Manifesto.
The October Manifesto was Nicholas II's reform that promised an elected duma, more political rights and a change to the system of government.
Define Russification.
Russification was a policy under which non-Russian nationalities were unfairly treated, prompting them to want independence.
Who led the protestors to the Winter Palace on Bloody Sunday?
The protestors were led to the Winter Palace on Bloody Sunday by Father Gapon.
Which country defeated Russia in the war over Manchuria?
Russia was defeated in the war over Manchuria by Japan.
Whom did Nicholas choose as Prime Minister in 1906?
In 1906 Nicholas chose Peter Stolypin as Prime Minister.
Which crew mutinied in June 1905?
In June 1905 the sailors of the battleship Potemkin mutinied.
Bloody Sunday took place on 22nd January .
Bloody Sunday took place on 22nd January 1905.
The nickname for the noose used by Stolypin was 'Stolypin's '.
The nickname for the noose used by Stolypin was 'Stolypin's Necktie'.
True or False?
The Tsar allowed four dumas between 1906 and 1914.
True.
The Tsar allowed four dumas between 1906 and 1914, closing down the first two radical ones and weakening the later two.
True or False?
The 1905 Revolution resulted in the overthrow of the tsar.
False.
The 1905 Revolution did not overthrow the tsar; Nicholas survived by using a combination of reform and repression.
Define Brusilov Offensive.
The Brusilov Offensive was the largest Russian attack of the First World War, launched in June 1916 against the Austro-Hungarian Army.
Define desertion.
Desertion was soldiers abandoning the army, and over one million Russian soldiers had deserted by 1917.
Define haemophilia.
Haemophilia was the illness of Alexei, the heir to the throne, which was kept secret from the Russian people.
Which 1914 battle destroyed the Russian Second Army?
The battle that destroyed the Russian Second Army in 1914 was the Battle of Tannenberg.
In which year did Tsar Nicholas II take personal command of the Russian Army?
Tsar Nicholas II took personal command of the Russian Army in 1915.
What was St Petersburg renamed to in 1914?
In 1914, St Petersburg was renamed Petrograd because its name had Germanic roots.
Who acted as Tsarina Alexandra's adviser while Nicholas was at the front?
While Nicholas was at the front, Tsarina Alexandra's adviser was Rasputin.
In which month and year did Russian aristocrats murder Rasputin?
Russian aristocrats murdered Rasputin in December 1916.
By 1916, over Russians had died in the conflict.
By 1916, over 1.7 million Russians had died in the conflict.
During the First World War, inflation in Russia rose to .
During the First World War, inflation in Russia rose to 200%.
True or False?
Tsarina Alexandra was German.
True.
Tsarina Alexandra was German, and many people began to dislike the German influence on Russia.
True or False?
Tsar Nicholas II had extensive military experience when he took command of the army.
False.
Nicholas had no military experience, so the people could blame Russia's military defeats on the tsar.
Define Dual Power.
Dual Power was the system that replaced the Tsarist government after the March 1917 Revolution, shared between the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet.
Define abdication.
Abdication was Tsar Nicholas II giving up the throne, which he did on 15th March 1917.
Define Petrograd Soviet.
The Petrograd Soviet was the body that represented the workers and took control of supplies in Petrograd during the March 1917 Revolution.
On what date did Tsar Nicholas II abdicate?
Tsar Nicholas II abdicated on 15th March 1917.
Which steel workers went on strike from 7th-10th March 1917?
The workers who went on strike from 7th-10th March 1917 were the Putilov steel workers.
Who led the Provisional Government under Dual Power?
The Provisional Government under Dual Power was led by Prince Lvov.
Which two groups could govern Russia instead of the tsar?
The two groups that could govern Russia instead of the tsar were the duma and the Soviets.
The March 1917 Revolution is known as a 'revolution from '.
The March 1917 Revolution is known as a 'revolution from below'.
The Putilov steel workers struck alongside women on International Day.
The Putilov steel workers struck alongside women on International Women's Day.
True or False?
The First World War turned the army against Tsar Nicholas.
True.
The First World War turned the army against Tsar Nicholas, and without the army he lost his power.
True or False?
Nicholas' brother Michael accepted the throne after the abdication.
False.
Nicholas' brother refused the position, ending 300 years of the Romanov dynasty.
Why did the Provisional Government need the Petrograd Soviet?
The Provisional Government needed the Petrograd Soviet for their influence over the Army and workers.
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