How Did the Bolsheviks Gain & Consolidate Their Rule? (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE History): Flashcards
Exam code: 0470 & 0977
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Define Provisional Government.
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Cards in this collection (48)
Define Provisional Government.
The Provisional Government was a temporary government created by the duma with 12 representatives to fill the power vacuum after the Tsar abdicated in March 1917.
Define Dual Power.
Dual Power was the sharing of authority in Russia from March 1917 between the Provisional Government and the Petrograd Soviet.
Define Soviet Order No.1.
Soviet Order No.1 was a directive released by the Petrograd Soviet that instructed the Russian Army to obey the Petrograd Soviet rather than the Provisional Government.
Who replaced Prince Lvov as Prime Minister in July 1917?
Prince Lvov was replaced as Prime Minister by Kerensky in July 1917.
Which general did Kerensky appoint as commander of the Russian Army?
Kerensky appointed General Kornilov as commander of the Russian Army.
Where did Lenin flee to after the July Days?
After the July Days, Lenin fled to Finland to avoid being arrested.
Which failed offensive did Kerensky launch as Minister of War?
As Minister of War, Kerensky launched the June Offensive, which failed to push back Austrian troops.
What did peasants begin doing by mid-1917 over the land issue?
By mid-1917, the peasants began illegally seizing land because the Provisional Government delayed making a decision.
During the Kornilov Affair, Kerensky armed the so they could defend Petrograd.
During the Kornilov Affair, Kerensky armed the Red Guard so they could defend Petrograd.
The Provisional Government continued Russia's involvement in the First World War because it needed British and investment.
The Provisional Government continued Russia's involvement in the First World War because it needed British and French investment.
True or False?
Lenin led the Bolsheviks in support of the July Days.
False.
Lenin refused to support the July Days, unsure if the time was right, and many historians criticise this decision.
True or False?
The Provisional Government confirmed a firm date for national elections.
False.
The Provisional Government wanted elections to give them a mandate but never confirmed a date for them.
Define April Theses.
The April Theses was a speech made by Lenin when he returned to Petrograd in April 1917, outlining his key policies of 'Peace, Bread, Land!' and 'All power to the Soviets!'.
Define sealed train.
The sealed train was the train on which Lenin travelled back to Russia through countries without passport checks, with his journey funded by Germany.
Define coup.
A coup is a sudden seizure of power by a small group, which is how historians consider the events of the October Revolution.
Who was the leader of the Bolshevik Party who pushed for the revolution?
The leader of the Bolshevik Party who pushed for the revolution was Lenin.
Which Bolshevik organised the revolution and was known for his oration skills?
The revolution was organised by Trotsky, who was known for his oration skills.
Which two key Bolsheviks voted against the October Revolution?
Zinoviev and Kamenev voted against the October Revolution.
Which country funded Lenin's journey back to Russia?
Lenin's journey back to Russia was funded by Germany, who believed his presence would force Russia to surrender in the First World War.
Which cruiser fired on the Winter Palace during the October Revolution?
The cruiser 'Aurora' fired on the Winter Palace during the October Revolution.
After the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks had control of but not the whole of Russia.
After the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks had control of Petrograd but not the whole of Russia.
In 1928, the Bolsheviks commissioned to create a film about the October Revolution.
In 1928, the Bolsheviks commissioned Sergei Eisenstein to create a film about the October Revolution.
True or False?
The Bolsheviks faced heavy resistance storming the guarded gates of the Winter Palace.
False.
In reality, the gates of the Winter Palace were unguarded and open, and the Bolsheviks faced little resistance.
True or False?
Stalin played a major role in the October Revolution.
False.
Stalin was a minor member of the Bolshevik Party and played a little role in the October Revolution.
Define Cheka.
The Cheka was the secret police force created by Lenin to target 'counter-revolutionary' enemies of the Bolsheviks.
Define Sovnarkom.
The Sovnarkom was the Council of People's Commissars, a governing body made up entirely of Bolsheviks and chaired by Lenin.
Define grain requisition.
Grain requisition was the seizing of grain from the peasants by Red Army soldiers, used as a terror tactic during the Civil War.
Who did Lenin place in total control of the Red Army?
Lenin placed Trotsky in total control of the Red Army.
Who did Trotsky enlist to train the Red Army?
Trotsky enlisted ex-tsarist officers to train the Red Army, monitored closely by political commissars.
Which railway did the Bolsheviks control to move troops across Russia?
The Bolsheviks controlled access to the Trans-Siberian railway, allowing easy movement of troops and equipment.
Why did the White Army's connection to Britain and France harm them?
The connection harmed the White Army because many Russians did not trust Europeans or Western powers, which Bolshevik propaganda exploited.
Which two key industrial centres did the Red Army hold?
The Red Army held the key industrial centres of Moscow and Petrograd, which they used to gain troops and resources.
Trotsky reinstated the for desertion or disloyalty to the Red Army.
Trotsky reinstated the death penalty for desertion or disloyalty to the Red Army.
Trotsky used the slogan ' ' to recruit soldiers to the Red Army.
Trotsky used the slogan 'Everything for the Front' to recruit soldiers to the Red Army.
True or False?
The different groups within the White Army shared the same aim.
False.
The White Army's groups did not have the same aim, and a hatred of Bolsheviks was not enough to unify them.
True or False?
The Allies supported the White Army during the Civil War.
True.
The Allies supported the White Army, hoping Russia would form a moderate government that continued the war effort.
Define War Communism.
War Communism was the communist approach to the economy introduced by the Bolsheviks in June 1918 during the Civil War, under which the government took control of all areas of production.
Define grain requisitioning.
Grain requisitioning was the seizing of peasants' grain under War Communism, which combined with poor weather to cause the Great Famine of 1921-1922.
Define tax in kind.
The tax in kind was the NEP policy that replaced grain requisitioning, under which peasants gave 50% of their grain to the state and could sell any surplus.
Define NEPmen.
NEPmen were the traders created under the NEP when peasants were allowed to sell their surplus grain on the open market.
Which 1921 event forced Lenin to abandon War Communism?
The Kronstadt Uprising of 1921 forced Lenin to abandon War Communism.
Who assembled 20,000 Red Army soldiers to crush the Kronstadt Uprising?
Trotsky assembled 20,000 Red Army soldiers to crush the Kronstadt Uprising.
Under the NEP, which type of industry did the state keep control of?
Under the NEP, the state kept control of large-scale heavy industry, along with transport and the banking system.
By what year had production reached pre-war levels under the NEP?
Under the NEP, production reached pre-war levels by 1926.
Grain requisitioning combined with poor weather caused the Great Famine of .
Grain requisitioning combined with poor weather caused the Great Famine of 1921-1922.
In 1921, Lenin signed an trade agreement, increasing foreign trade.
In 1921, Lenin signed an Anglo-Russian trade agreement, increasing foreign trade.
True or False?
The Kronstadt sailors' mutiny in 1921 was pro-Bolshevik.
False.
The 1921 Kronstadt mutiny was anti-Bolshevik; it was the earlier July 1917 mutiny that was pro-Bolshevik.
True or False?
Extreme communists in the Bolshevik Party welcomed the NEP.
False.
Extreme communists disliked the NEP because NEPmen and kulaks benefited from it.
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