1
4 marks
Outline the processes of glacial erosion.
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Glacial Systems & Processes (AQA A Level Geography): Exam Questions
Exam code: 7037
2 hours16 questions
2
4 marks
Outline the differences between warm-based and cold-based glaciers.
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3
4 marks
Outline the processes by which ice moves within a glacier.
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4
4 marks
Outline processes by which glaciers erode the landscape.
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5
4 marks
Outline the geomorphological process of nivation.
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6
4 marks
Outline the process of internal deformation.
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7
4 marks
Explain the development of warm based glaciers.
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1
6 marks
Figure 8 shows the location of three US glaciers.
Figure 9 shows the change in their size (mass balance) between 1958 and 2005.
Figure 10 shows the cumulative impact of the annual change in mass balance within the three glaciers.
Figure 8 Figure 9
Figure 10
Using Figures 8, 9 and 10, compare the differences between the glaciers.
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2
6 marks
Figure 7
The surface velocity of various glaciers, including Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica
Note: At the grounding line, glacier ice comes into contact with the sea and starts to float.
Figure 7 shows the surface velocity of various glaciers, including Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica.
Analyse the data shown in Figure 7.
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3
6 marks
Figure 7 shows the mean mass balance and cumulative mass balance for selected glaciers around the world.
Figure 7
The mean mass balance and cumulative mass balance for selected glaciers around the world
Analyse the data shown in Figure 7.
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4
6 marks
Figure 7a shows the number of days where ablation exceeds accumulation across the Greenland ice sheet between 1 January and 31 December 2017.
Figure 7b shows the number of melting days difference from the 1981–2010 average across the Greenland ice sheet between 1 January and 31 December 2017.
Figure 7c shows the percentage of the Greenland ice sheet experiencing melting in 2017. This is compared to the 1981–2010 median.
Figure 7a – Number of days where ablation exceeded accumulation | Figure 7b – Number of melting days difference from the 1981–2010 average |
|---|
Figure 7c – Percentage of Greenland ice sheet experiencing melting
in 2017, compared to 1981–2010 median
Analyse the data shown in Figure 7a, Figure 7b and Figure 7c.
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5
6 marks
Analyse the data shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Selected Alpine glaciers — length change and mass balance, 1900–2022
Glacier | Country | Length change 1900–2000 (km) | Length change 2000–2022 (km) | 2022 annual mass balance (m w.e./yr) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Rhône Glacier | Switzerland | −1.8 | −1.9 | −3.2 |
Mer de Glace | France | −1.7 | −0.8 | −2.8 |
Gorner Glacier | Switzerland | −2.1 | −1.3 | −3.0 |
Careser Glacier | Italy | −1.2 | −2.3 | −4.1 |
Findelen Glacier | Switzerland | −0.5 | −1.1 | −2.9 |
Source: adapted from World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) Glacier Change Bulletin, 2022; and ETH Zurich alpine glacier monitoring programme. Length change values are net change from start of period. Mass balance in metres water equivalent per year; all negative values indicate net annual mass loss.
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6
6 marks
Figure 7a shows cumulative length change in selected Scandinavian glaciers, 1896-2016. Figure 7b shows the cumulative mass balance change in selected Scandinavian glaciers, 1960-2014.
Analyse the data shown in Figure 7a and Figure 7b.
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1
20 marks
'Abrasion is the most important process of glacial erosion.'
To what extent do you agree?
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2
20 marks
Assess the importance of whether a glacier is warm or cold based in determining the processes that operate within a glacial system.
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3
20 marks
'Freeze-thaw is the most important process operating in periglacial environments.'
To what extent do you agree?
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