Exam code: 7037
Which of the following is a major source of waste in cities?
Rainfall and other forms of precipitation.
Wind blowing dust into the city from rural areas.
Households, shops, offices, industry and construction sites.
The natural decay of rocks beneath the city.
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Outline the main waste streams produced in urban areas.
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Which of the following best describes the global waste trade?
The movement of waste between different boroughs within a single city.
The export of waste, such as electronic and plastic waste, from higher-income countries to lower-income countries for processing or disposal.
The recycling of waste within the country where it was produced.
The use of robots to sort waste in modern recycling plants.
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Outline different methods used to dispose of or manage urban waste.
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Outline the impacts of landfill as a method of waste disposal.
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Figure 5a shows the percentage of low-paid residents in each London borough in 2015–16.
Figure 5b shows the percentage of waste that was recycled in each London borough in 2015–16.
Figure 5c shows a Spearman’s rank calculation used to study whether there is a relationship between the proportion of low-paid residents and rates of recycling in London boroughs in 2015–16.
Figure 5a
The percentage of low-paid residents in each London borough in 2015–16
Figure 5b – Percentage of waste recycled, 2015–16
Figure 5c
The null hypothesis is: ‘There is no relationship between proportions of low-paid residents and rates of recycling in London boroughs.’
Rs Value | –0.206 |
|---|---|
Critical Value at 0.05 significance level (n = 33) | 0.345 |
Analyse the data shown in Figures 5a, 5b and 5c.
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Figure 6 shows global flows of electronic waste sent to countries like Ghana for processing.
Using Figure 6 and your own knowledge, assess the costs and benefits of the global trade in waste.
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'The success of recycling schemes to reduce waste in urban areas depends on the economic characteristics and attitudes of the population.'
How far do you agree with this view?
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Study Figure 1, which shows how municipal waste is treated in four selected countries.
Figure 1: Treatment of municipal waste in selected countries (% of total waste)
Analyse the data shown in Figure 1.
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Assess the extent to which incineration is a sustainable way of dealing with urban waste.
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Assess the view that the most effective way to deal with urban waste is to reduce the amount produced.
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To what extent does the way a city deals with its waste depend mainly on its level of economic development?
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Assess the view that alternative methods of waste disposal create as many problems as they solve.
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