Ecologism (Edexcel A Level Politics): Flashcards
Exam code: 9PL0
1/330Still learning
Know0
Define ecologism.
Was this flashcard helpful?
Cards in this collection (33)
Define ecologism.
Ecologism argues that humans must live sustainably and fundamentally change their relationship with nature to protect the environment and ensure long-term survival.
Define ecology.
Ecology recognises the importance of all living things and the interdependence of organisms within ecosystems.
Which ecological principle holds that nature has intrinsic value beyond its usefulness to humans?
The principle that nature has intrinsic value beyond its usefulness to humans is ecocentrism.
True or False?
Ecologists accept the anthropocentric belief in a species hierarchy that places humans above nature.
False.
Ecologists reject anthropocentrism and the belief in a species hierarchy that places humans above nature.
Define holism.
Holism refers to the belief that nature should be understood as an interconnected whole rather than as separate, isolated parts.
Define environmental ethics.
Environmental ethics refers to the belief that humans have moral responsibilities towards the natural world, challenging anthropocentric ethical frameworks.
What is the name of Aldo Leopold's principle that extends moral consideration to soil, water, plants and animals?
Aldo Leopold's principle extending moral consideration to soil, water, plants and animals is the land ethic.
Define environmental consciousness.
Environmental consciousness refers to a change in how humans understand and relate to the natural world, emphasising awareness, responsibility and sustainable behaviour.
Which ecological principle is illustrated by Rachel Carson's warning in Silent Spring that pesticides harm entire ecosystems?
Rachel Carson's warning in Silent Spring that pesticides harm entire ecosystems illustrates interdependence, the principle that human actions affecting one species impact the wider environment.
Post-materialism and anti-consumerism prioritise ecological integrity and well-being over and excessive consumption.
Post-materialism and anti-consumerism prioritise ecological integrity and well-being over material wealth and excessive consumption.
Define sustainability.
Sustainability refers to the long-term protection of the environment through responsible resource use and intergenerational justice.
Which thinker promoted Buddhist economics and argued quality of life improves through reduced consumption?
E. F. Schumacher promoted Buddhist economics and argued that quality of life improves through reduced consumption.
Define deep green ecologism.
Deep green ecologism argues that nature has intrinsic value and should be protected for its own sake, regardless of human interests.
Define shallow green ecologism.
Shallow green ecologism takes a reformist approach, seeking to protect the environment while operating within existing economic and political systems.
What term is often used for the shallow green belief that environmental protection can occur within existing capitalist systems?
The shallow green belief that environmental protection can occur within existing capitalist systems is often called green capitalism.
True or False?
Ecologism is a single, unified ideology.
False.
Ecologism is not a single, unified ideology; its strands disagree over the human-nature relationship, the role of the state, and whether protection requires reform or radical change.
Define social ecology.
Social ecology links environmental degradation to social structures such as hierarchy, capitalism and patriarchy, arguing ecological problems cannot be solved without social transformation.
Which strand of social ecology calls for collective public ownership of natural resources?
The strand of social ecology calling for collective public ownership of natural resources is eco-socialism.
Define eco-feminism.
Eco-feminism argues that environmental domination stems from patriarchal worldviews and that a new relationship with nature is required.
Eco-anarchists argue that environmental damage results from power hierarchies and call for voluntary cooperation in communities.
Eco-anarchists argue that environmental damage results from power hierarchies and call for voluntary cooperation in self-managed communities.
Which deep green thinker advocated small-scale, appropriate technologies and rejected the idea of infinite economic growth?
E.F. Schumacher advocated small-scale, appropriate technologies and rejected the idea of infinite economic growth.
On the theme of the economy, what do all ecologists agree is unsustainable?
All ecologists agree that unlimited economic growth is unsustainable.
On the four themes, how do deep green ecologists view growth-based economies?
Deep green ecologists challenge growth-based economies entirely.
Define the land ethic.
The land ethic is Aldo Leopold's idea that humans are part of the ecological community and that moral responsibility extends to soil, water, plants and animals.
Which thinker exposed the ecological damage caused by pesticides?
Rachel Carson exposed the ecological damage caused by pesticides.
True or False?
Rachel Carson argued against any regulation of industry.
False.
Rachel Carson argued for regulation and environmental responsibility.
Which thinker promoted appropriate technology and human-scale, sustainable development?
E.F. Schumacher promoted appropriate technology and human-scale, sustainable development.
E.F. Schumacher criticised consumerism and prioritised over material wealth.
E.F. Schumacher criticised consumerism and prioritised quality of life over material wealth.
Define social ecology as developed by Murray Bookchin.
Social ecology is Murray Bookchin's theory linking environmental destruction to social hierarchy and capitalism, advocating decentralised, democratic ecological communities.
Which view of nature did Carolyn Merchant critique?
Carolyn Merchant critiqued the mechanistic worldview of nature.
Define eco-feminism as developed by Carolyn Merchant.
Eco-feminism links environmental exploitation to patriarchal worldviews and argues for a new relationship between humans and nature.
Alongside growth-based economics, what did E.F. Schumacher criticise?
Alongside growth-based economics, E.F. Schumacher criticised consumerism.
Rachel Carson highlighted the links between practices and environmental harm.
Rachel Carson highlighted the links between industrial practices and environmental harm.
Sign up to unlock flashcards
or