Multiculturalism (Edexcel A Level Politics): Flashcards
Exam code: 9PL0
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Define multiculturalism.
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Cards in this collection (36)
Define multiculturalism.
Multiculturalism is a political ideology that recognises and values cultural diversity within society.
From what do multiculturalists argue individuals and groups derive their identity, dignity and belonging?
Multiculturalists argue that individuals and groups derive their identity, dignity and belonging from their culture.
True or False?
Multiculturalists believe cultural differences should be ignored or suppressed to maintain social cohesion.
False.
Multiculturalists argue that cultural differences should be acknowledged rather than ignored or suppressed.
Define the politics of recognition.
The politics of recognition is the view that cultural, ethnic and religious differences should be formally recognised and respected by society and the state.
According to Charles Taylor, misrecognition is a form of what?
According to Charles Taylor, misrecognition is a form of oppression.
Define culture and identity.
Culture and identity refer to the way shared values, beliefs and practices shape an individual's understanding of who they are and their sense of belonging within society.
Which thinker argued that diversity enriches democracy and encourages social learning?
Bhikhu Parekh argued that diversity enriches democracy and encourages social learning.
Define minority rights.
Minority rights refer to the legal protections and special measures required to safeguard minority groups from discrimination and exclusion within society.
Minority rights may involve to overcome historic discrimination.
Minority rights may involve positive discrimination to overcome historic discrimination.
What did Will Kymlicka argue minorities need in order to be treated equally?
Will Kymlicka argued that minorities need group-differentiated rights in order to be treated equally.
Define diversity.
Diversity refers to the existence and recognition of multiple distinct cultural groups within society, seen by multiculturalists as a defining feature of modern, globalised societies.
Under shallow diversity, what are minority groups still expected to do?
Under shallow diversity, minority groups are still expected to conform to dominant societal norms.
What three main forms can multiculturalism take?
Multiculturalism can take three main forms: liberal, pluralist or cosmopolitan.
Define liberal multiculturalism.
Liberal multiculturalism is drawn from the liberal tradition and emphasises tolerance, individual rights and legal equality within a culturally diverse society.
Liberal multiculturalism prioritises over group-differentiated policies.
Liberal multiculturalism prioritises formal equality over group-differentiated policies.
Define pluralist multiculturalism.
Pluralist multiculturalism argues that multiculturalism and diversity have intrinsic value, as all cultures are valuable in themselves.
Pluralist multiculturalism links to , which argues that no absolute values are more important than others.
Pluralist multiculturalism links to value pluralism, which argues that no absolute values are more important than others.
Which pluralist thinker advocates proactive policies, arguing individuals can only be understood within their culture?
Bhikhu Parekh advocates proactive policies, arguing individuals can only be understood within their culture.
Define cosmopolitan multiculturalism.
Cosmopolitan multiculturalism values global citizenship and transnational identities, where individuals can move between cultures and cultural identities.
True or False?
Cosmopolitan multiculturalism holds that cultural differences will ultimately be overcome through the sharing of identities.
True.
Cosmopolitan multiculturalism challenges ethnocentric nationalism, arguing that cultural differences will ultimately be overcome through the sharing of identities.
Define the conservative criticism of multiculturalism.
The conservative criticism of multiculturalism argues that extensive cultural diversity and differentiated minority rights can undermine social cohesion, shared identity and national unity.
True or False?
Conservative critics of multiculturalism are comfortable with the larger state needed to protect minority rights.
False.
Conservative critics are concerned that protecting minority rights requires a larger state than they would advocate for.
What do conservatives often argue for over diversity to encourage social cohesion?
Conservatives often argue for assimilation over diversity to encourage social cohesion.
On the theme of human nature, what do multiculturalists agree humans seek?
On the theme of human nature, multiculturalists agree that humans seek cultural belonging.
Define value pluralism.
Value pluralism, advocated by Isaiah Berlin, is the idea that cultural values may clash but there is no hierarchy of values, with no culture morally superior to another.
Define the politics of recognition.
The politics of recognition, developed by Charles Taylor, is the idea that the state should recognise, rather than merely tolerate, cultural difference.
Define group-differentiated rights.
Group-differentiated rights, distinguished by Will Kymlicka from individual rights, are the additional protections minorities may require to achieve equality.
Charles Taylor linked the politics of recognition to what form of equal treatment?
Charles Taylor linked the politics of recognition to equal dignity.
True or False?
Isaiah Berlin claimed that some cultures are morally superior to others.
False.
Isaiah Berlin claimed that no culture is morally superior to another.
What did Isaiah Berlin warn that imposing a single culture undermines?
Isaiah Berlin warned that imposing a single culture undermines freedom.
True or False?
Bhikhu Parekh argued that cultures should merely be tolerated, not recognised in law.
False.
Bhikhu Parekh argued that cultures should be recognised in law, not just tolerated.
Which universalist tradition did Bhikhu Parekh criticise?
Bhikhu Parekh criticised universal liberalism.
True or False?
Will Kymlicka argued that minority rights preserve liberal equality.
True.
Will Kymlicka claimed that minority rights preserve liberal equality.
Tariq Modood advocated rather than assimilation.
Tariq Modood advocated accommodation rather than assimilation.
According to Tariq Modood, civic participation should not require abandoning what?
According to Tariq Modood, civic participation should not require abandoning one's cultural identity.
What did Will Kymlicka warn happens to minority cultures without additional protections?
Will Kymlicka warned that without additional protections, minority cultures can be eroded by the majority.
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