Nationalism (Edexcel A Level Politics): Flashcards
Exam code: 9PL0
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Define nationalism.
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Cards in this collection (34)
Define nationalism.
Nationalism is a political ideology centred on the belief that people are bound together through a shared identity and that this identity should be reflected in political organisation.
What do nationalists argue that nations provide individuals with?
Nationalists argue that nations provide individuals with a sense of belonging and collective purpose.
According to Rousseau, from what does sovereignty originate?
According to Rousseau, sovereignty originates from the general will.
Define self-determination.
Self-determination refers to the political autonomy of a nation to be self-governing without external control.
Define the nation-state.
The nation-state is the geographical and political expression of the nation, and is an area of legal sovereignty over a defined territory.
True or False?
The nation-state and the nation refer to the same thing.
False.
The nation-state is the geographical and political expression of the nation and should not be confused with the nation itself.
According to culturalism, what does a shared culture include?
According to culturalism, a shared culture includes language, traditions, arts and religion.
Johann Gottfried von Herder argued that each nation has a unique or national spirit.
Johann Gottfried von Herder argued that each nation has a unique 'volksgeist' or national spirit.
Define racialism.
Racialism is the belief held by some nationalists that nations are created by people who share a common biology.
True or False?
Racialism means the same thing as racism.
False.
Racialism is the belief that nations are created by a shared common biology, whereas racism argues for a hierarchy of races.
Define internationalism.
Internationalism is the belief that nations should engage in global cooperation through diplomacy, trade and treaties.
What are the two main forms of internationalism within nationalism?
The two main forms are liberal internationalism and socialist internationalism.
What four forms can nationalism take?
Nationalism can take liberal, conservative, anti/post-colonial and expansionist forms.
Define liberal nationalism.
Liberal nationalism emphasises civic rights and an inclusive national identity based on shared political values rather than ethnicity or culture.
Does liberal nationalism support or oppose multicultural integration?
Liberal nationalism encourages multicultural integration, as individuals can join the nation by accepting the values of the state.
Define conservative nationalism.
Conservative nationalism emphasises the importance of historical traditions and continuity in creating a shared national identity.
True or False?
Conservative nationalists are generally critical of multicultural integration.
True.
They believe national identity is formed through heritage rather than choice.
Conservative nationalists are sceptical of , seeing it as a threat to national cohesion.
Conservative nationalists are sceptical of radical change, seeing it as a threat to national cohesion.
Define anti/post-colonial nationalism.
Anti/post-colonial nationalism seeks liberation from imperial or colonial rule in order to achieve self-determination for the nation.
What does anti/post-colonial nationalism seek to restore?
Anti/post-colonial nationalism seeks the restoration of suppressed cultures and languages eroded under colonial rule.
Define expansionist nationalism.
Expansionist nationalism advocates national growth through territorial expansion.
How is expansion often justified within expansionist nationalism?
Expansion is often justified through claims of racial superiority, cultural superiority or ethnic dominance.
True or False?
Expansionist nationalism prioritises international norms of peace and cooperation over national strength.
False.
It prioritises the interests of the state over international norms, treating peace and cooperation as secondary to national strength.
Which nationalist thinker developed the idea of the general will?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau developed the idea of the general will as the basis of political authority.
Define 'volksgeist'.
'Volksgeist' is von Herder's concept of the unique national spirit that defines a nation through its shared culture and language.
Did Rousseau view nations as civic or ethnic?
Rousseau viewed nations as civic, based on shared political values rather than ethnicity.
Johann Gottfried von Herder argued that nations are defined by a shared .
Johann Gottfried von Herder argued that nations are defined by a shared culture and language.
What did Giuseppe Mazzini argue nations have a moral right to?
Giuseppe Mazzini argued that nations have a moral right to self-determination.
True or False?
Giuseppe Mazzini believed individuals have a duty to the nation.
True.
Mazzini supported national unity as a route to political freedom.
Define integral nationalism.
Integral nationalism is Charles Maurras's doctrine emphasising tradition, hierarchy and authority, alongside ethnic and cultural definitions of the nation.
What did Charles Maurras reject?
Charles Maurras rejected liberal democracy and internationalism.
What form of nationalism did Marcus Garvey promote?
Marcus Garvey promoted Pan-African nationalism.
Marcus Garvey emphasised as a means of empowerment.
Marcus Garvey emphasised racial pride as a means of empowerment.
True or False?
Rousseau argued that sovereignty lies with a monarch.
False.
Rousseau argued that sovereignty lies with the people.
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