Feminism (Edexcel A Level Politics): Flashcards
Exam code: 9PL0
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Define feminism.
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Cards in this collection (36)
Define feminism.
Feminism is a political ideology that seeks to achieve equality between men and women by challenging and ending gender-based inequality and oppression in society.
What is the difference between sex and gender for feminists?
For feminists, sex refers to biological differences, whilst gender is socially constructed through norms, roles and expectations.
Define patriarchy.
Patriarchy is a system of male dominance in which social, political and economic structures privilege men over women, resulting in systematic oppression.
True or False?
Radical feminists believe patriarchy is universal and can only be removed through revolutionary change.
True.
Radical feminists see patriarchy as universal and argue it can only be dismantled through revolutionary change.
Define intersectionality.
Intersectionality is the idea that women experience oppression in different ways depending on how gender intersects with factors such as race, class, sexuality and disability.
The majority of feminists support feminism.
The majority of feminists support equality feminism.
Which feminist wrote The Second Sex and argued that 'one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman'?
Simone de Beauvoir wrote The Second Sex and argued that 'one is not born, but rather becomes, a woman'.
Define difference feminism.
Difference feminism recognises gender differences as inherent or socially significant and values traits traditionally associated with women.
True or False?
All strands of feminism agree that gender is socially constructed.
True.
Every strand of feminism recognises that gender is socially constructed and that gender roles contribute to the oppression of women.
What does the idea that 'the personal is political' argue?
The idea that 'the personal is political' argues that women's private experiences reflect wider systems of oppression.
Under intersectionality, individuals may experience multiple forms of simultaneously.
Under intersectionality, individuals may experience multiple forms of discrimination simultaneously.
Define equality feminism.
Equality feminism argues that women and men should be treated identically under law and society, and that gender should not justify different rights or opportunities.
Define liberal feminism.
Liberal feminism generally sees the oppression of women as solvable within existing societal and political structures through incremental reform.
Define socialist feminism.
Socialist feminism sees the root of women's oppression as linked to the capitalist system and the gender norms it enforces on women.
Define radical feminism.
Radical feminism believes that patriarchy is historically rooted and cannot be overturned within existing systems, as it is integral to those systems.
Define post-modern feminism.
Post-modern feminism challenges the fixed idea of a 'woman', viewing gender as fluid and shaped by factors such as race, place and class.
According to socialist feminists, what do women act as when required by the state?
According to socialist feminists, women act as a 'reserve army of labour' when required by the state.
True or False?
Liberal feminists believe change should be evolutionary rather than revolutionary.
True.
Liberal feminists argue that change should be incremental and take place within existing social and political structures.
For socialist feminists, marriage places women in a position of economic .
For socialist feminists, marriage places women in a position of economic dependence.
What do radical feminists see as central to understanding women's oppression?
Radical feminists see relationships and sexuality, or sexual politics, as central to understanding women's oppression.
According to post-modern feminists, feminism should be context-specific rather than what?
According to post-modern feminists, feminism should be context-specific and locally informed rather than universal.
Feminism has developed into liberal, socialist, radical and feminism.
Feminism has developed into liberal, socialist, radical and post-modern feminism.
True or False?
Feminists agree that women and men are equally capable and rational.
True.
Feminists share the view that women and men are equally capable and rational, and that gender is socially constructed.
How do liberal feminists view the state?
Liberal feminists view the state as neutral and as an agent of change.
Which feminist claimed that women are 'not born, but made' through societal expectations?
Simone de Beauvoir claimed that women are not born, but made through societal expectations and gender roles.
Define de Beauvoir's concept of the 'other'.
The 'other' is de Beauvoir's idea that women are defined by what they are not, rather than as beings in their own right.
Which feminist proposed state-supported childcare and cooperative living to empower women?
Charlotte Perkins Gilman proposed state-supported childcare and cooperative living to empower women.
True or False?
Kate Millett viewed patriarchy as a natural order.
False.
Kate Millett viewed patriarchy as a political system, not a natural order.
Which feminist argued that patriarchy is a systemic sexual hierarchy?
Kate Millett argued that patriarchy is a systemic sexual hierarchy.
Define the 'gendered division of labour'.
The gendered division of labour is the division of domestic work along gender lines, which Gilman argued traps women in economic dependence.
Which feminist argued that capitalism depends on women's unpaid domestic labour?
Sheila Rowbotham argued that capitalism depends on women's unpaid domestic labour.
bell hooks criticised patriarchal culture reinforced through media, education and .
bell hooks criticised patriarchal culture reinforced through media, education and institutions.
Which feminist emphasised intersectionality, arguing women's experiences differ by race and class?
bell hooks emphasised intersectionality, arguing that women's experiences differ by race and class.
True or False?
Sheila Rowbotham argued that women's liberation requires reform or revolution of the economic system.
True.
Rowbotham argued that women's liberation requires reform or revolution of the economic system.
Simone de Beauvoir called for the dismantling of social norms that create the ' ' of women.
Simone de Beauvoir called for the dismantling of social norms that create the 'myth' of women.
According to bell hooks, feminism must address racism, poverty and what else?
According to bell hooks, feminism must address racism, poverty and wider systems of oppression.
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