Define uniform circular motion .

Uniform circular motion is the motion of an object traveling in a circular path at a constant linear speed .

Define period in circular motion.

Period is the time taken to complete one full circular path (one full rotation).

Define frequency in circular motion.

Frequency is the rate at which an object completes revolutions .

In which direction does the velocity of an object in circular motion point relative to the radius?

It is tangential to the circle, at right angles to the radius.

In one period, an object in uniform circular motion travels a distance equal to the .......... of the circle.

In one period, an object in uniform circular motion travels a distance equal to the circumference of the circle.

True or False? An object in uniform circular motion has a constant linear velocity.

False. The speed is constant, but the direction of motion is constantly changing, so the velocity changes.

Define centripetal acceleration .

Centripetal acceleration is the component of an object's acceleration directed toward the center of its circular path.

Give examples of a single force that provides the centripetal force.

Tension in a string holding a ball in horizontal circular motion Gravitational force keeping the Moon in orbit around Earth Friction between a car's tires and the road as it turns a corner Electrostatic force keeping an electron in orbit around a nucleus

Define tangential acceleration .

Tangential acceleration is the rate at which an object's speed changes, directed along the tangent to its circular path.

Centripetal and tangential accelerations are .......... to each other, so the magnitude of the net acceleration can be found using the Pythagorean theorem.

Centripetal and tangential accelerations are perpendicular to each other, so the magnitude of the net acceleration can be found using the Pythagorean theorem.

True or False? Centripetal acceleration changes the speed of an object moving in a circle.

False. Centripetal acceleration is perpendicular to the direction of travel, so it changes the direction of motion. Tangential acceleration changes the speed.

Which two forces act on a ball swung in a vertical circle on a string?

Tension in the string Gravitational force acting straight downward

Where is the tension in the string at its maximum and at its minimum in a vertical circle?

Maximum at the bottom of the circle Minimum at the top of the circle

Why does the net centripetal force on a ball in a vertical circle change as it moves around the loop?

The gravitational force never changes direction, but the tension changes in direction and magnitude, so their resultant toward the center depends on the ball's position .

What is the tension at the top of a vertical loop when the object is at its minimum speed?

The tension is zero , so the gravitational force is the only force causing the centripetal acceleration.

At the top of a vertical loop at the minimum speed, the centripetal acceleration is equal to the .......... .

At the top of a vertical loop at the minimum speed, the centripetal acceleration is equal to the acceleration due to gravity .

True or False? At the top of a vertical loop, the tension in the string is always zero.

False. The tension is zero at the top only when the object moves at its minimum speed . At greater speeds, the tension acts downward alongside the gravitational force.

Define banked surface .

A banked surface is a curved surface where the outer edge is raised higher than the inner edge .

Which force components provide the net centripetal force on a banked surface with friction?

The horizontal components of the normal force and the static friction force; the net centripetal force acts horizontally toward the center of the circle.

How does the direction of static friction on a banked surface depend on the object's speed compared with the ideal speed?

Faster than ideal speed: friction acts down the slope, preventing skidding upward Slower than ideal speed: friction acts up the slope, preventing skidding downward

Define ideally banked surface .

An ideally banked surface has an angle of incline that lets an object negotiate the curve at a certain speed without friction .

Define conical pendulum .

A conical pendulum is a mass in horizontal circular motion on the end of a light inextensible string fixed from a central point above .

In a conical pendulum, the .......... component of the tension is equal to the gravitational force on the mass.

In a conical pendulum, the vertical component of the tension is equal to the gravitational force on the mass.

True or False? The tension in a conical pendulum string equals the weight of the mass.

False. The tension is greater than the weight. It also has a horizontal component that provides the centripetal force, so the mass is not in equilibrium.

Define Kepler's third law .

For planets or satellites in a circular orbit about the same central body , the square of the time period is proportional to the cube of the radius of the orbit.

What provides the centripetal acceleration of a satellite in circular orbit?

Gravitational attraction to the central body is the only cause.

The orbital period of a satellite depends on the mass of the .......... body it orbits.

The orbital period of a satellite depends on the mass of the central body it orbits.

True or False? The orbital period of a satellite depends on the satellite's own mass.

False. The satellite's mass cancels when the gravitational and centripetal forces are equated.

AP®PhysicsCollege BoardPhysics 1: Algebra-BasedFlashcardsUnit 2: Force & Translational DynamicsCircular Motion

Circular Motion (College Board AP® Physics 1: Algebra-Based): Flashcards

1/40

0Still learning

Know0

FrontUniform Circular Motion
Define uniform circular motion.

Was this flashcard helpful?

Cards in this collection (40)

Define uniform circular motion.
Uniform circular motion is the motion of an object traveling in a circular path at a constant linear speed.
Define period in circular motion.
Period is the time taken to complete one full circular path (one full rotation).
Define frequency in circular motion.
Frequency is the rate at which an object completes revolutions.
State the equation linking period and frequency.
$T = \frac{1}{f}$
- $T$ = period (s)
- $f$ = frequency (Hz)
State the equation for the period of an object in uniform circular motion.
$T = \frac{2 π r}{v}$
- $T$ = period (s)
- $r$ = radius (m)
- $v$ = linear speed (m/s)
In which direction does the velocity of an object in circular motion point relative to the radius?
It is tangential to the circle, at right angles to the radius.
In one period, an object in uniform circular motion travels a distance equal to the .......... of the circle.
In one period, an object in uniform circular motion travels a distance equal to the circumference of the circle.
True or False?
An object in uniform circular motion has a constant linear velocity.
False.
The speed is constant, but the direction of motion is constantly changing, so the velocity changes.
Define centripetal acceleration.
Centripetal acceleration is the component of an object's acceleration directed toward the center of its circular path.
Give examples of a single force that provides the centripetal force.
- Tension in a string holding a ball in horizontal circular motion
- Gravitational force keeping the Moon in orbit around Earth
- Friction between a car's tires and the road as it turns a corner
- Electrostatic force keeping an electron in orbit around a nucleus
State the equation for centripetal acceleration.
$a_{c} = \frac{v^{2}}{r}$
- $a_{c}$ = magnitude of centripetal acceleration (m/s²)
- $v$ = tangential speed (m/s)
- $r$ = radius of circular path (m)
Define tangential acceleration.
Tangential acceleration is the rate at which an object's speed changes, directed along the tangent to its circular path.
State the equation for tangential acceleration.
$a = \frac{∆ v}{∆ t}$
- $a$ = tangential acceleration (m/s²)
- $∆ v$ = change in speed (m/s)
- $∆ t$ = time interval (s)
State the equation for the net acceleration of an object moving in a circle.
${\vec{a}}_{net} = {\vec{a}}_{c} + {\vec{a}}_{t}$
- ${\vec{a}}_{net}$ = net acceleration (m/s²)
- ${\vec{a}}_{c}$ = centripetal acceleration (m/s²)
- ${\vec{a}}_{t}$ = tangential acceleration (m/s²)
Centripetal and tangential accelerations are .......... to each other, so the magnitude of the net acceleration can be found using the Pythagorean theorem.
Centripetal and tangential accelerations are perpendicular to each other, so the magnitude of the net acceleration can be found using the Pythagorean theorem.
True or False?
Centripetal acceleration changes the speed of an object moving in a circle.
False.
Centripetal acceleration is perpendicular to the direction of travel, so it changes the direction of motion. Tangential acceleration changes the speed.
Which two forces act on a ball swung in a vertical circle on a string?
- Tension in the string
- Gravitational force acting straight downward
Where is the tension in the string at its maximum and at its minimum in a vertical circle?
- Maximum at the bottom of the circle
- Minimum at the top of the circle
Why does the net centripetal force on a ball in a vertical circle change as it moves around the loop?
The gravitational force never changes direction, but the tension changes in direction and magnitude, so their resultant toward the center depends on the ball's position.
What is the tension at the top of a vertical loop when the object is at its minimum speed?
The tension is zero, so the gravitational force is the only force causing the centripetal acceleration.
State the equation for the minimum speed at the top of a vertical loop.
$v = \sqrt{g r}$
- $v$ = minimum speed at the top of the loop (m/s)
- $g$ = acceleration due to gravity (m/s²)
- $r$ = radius of the circle (m)
At the top of a vertical loop at the minimum speed, the centripetal acceleration is equal to the ...........
At the top of a vertical loop at the minimum speed, the centripetal acceleration is equal to the acceleration due to gravity.
True or False?
At the top of a vertical loop, the tension in the string is always zero.
False.
The tension is zero at the top only when the object moves at its minimum speed. At greater speeds, the tension acts downward alongside the gravitational force.
Define banked surface.
A banked surface is a curved surface where the outer edge is raised higher than the inner edge.
Which force components provide the net centripetal force on a banked surface with friction?
The horizontal components of the normal force and the static friction force; the net centripetal force acts horizontally toward the center of the circle.
How does the direction of static friction on a banked surface depend on the object's speed compared with the ideal speed?
- Faster than ideal speed: friction acts down the slope, preventing skidding upward
- Slower than ideal speed: friction acts up the slope, preventing skidding downward
Define ideally banked surface.
An ideally banked surface has an angle of incline that lets an object negotiate the curve at a certain speed without friction.
State the equation for the net centripetal force on an object on an ideally banked surface.
${\vec{F}}_{c} = {\vec{F}}_{N} sin θ$
- ${\vec{F}}_{c}$ = net centripetal force (N)
- ${\vec{F}}_{N}$ = normal reaction force (N)
- $θ$ = angle of incline of the surface (°)
Define conical pendulum.
A conical pendulum is a mass in horizontal circular motion on the end of a light inextensible string fixed from a central point above.
State the equation for the net centripetal force on a conical pendulum.
${\vec{F}}_{c} = {\vec{F}}_{T} sin θ$
- ${\vec{F}}_{c}$ = net centripetal force (N)
- ${\vec{F}}_{T}$ = tension in the string (N)
- $θ$ = angle of the string to the vertical (°)
In a conical pendulum, the .......... component of the tension is equal to the gravitational force on the mass.
In a conical pendulum, the vertical component of the tension is equal to the gravitational force on the mass.
True or False?
The tension in a conical pendulum string equals the weight of the mass.
False.
The tension is greater than the weight. It also has a horizontal component that provides the centripetal force, so the mass is not in equilibrium.
Define Kepler's third law.
For planets or satellites in a circular orbit about the same central body, the square of the time period is proportional to the cube of the radius of the orbit.
State the equation for the orbital speed of a satellite in a circular orbit.
$v = \sqrt{\frac{G M}{r}}$
- $v$ = orbital speed (m/s)
- $G$ = universal gravitational constant (N·m²/kg²)
- $M$ = mass of the central body (kg)
- $r$ = orbital radius (m)
State the equation linking period and radius to the mass of the central body.
$T^{2} = \frac{4 π^{2} r^{3}}{G M}$
- $T$ = orbital period (s)
- $r$ = orbital radius (m)
- $G$ = universal gravitational constant (N·m²/kg²)
- $M$ = mass of the central body (kg)
What provides the centripetal acceleration of a satellite in circular orbit?
Gravitational attraction to the central body is the only cause.
Which two forces are set equal to derive the equation for Kepler's third law?
- Centripetal force, $\frac{m v^{2}}{r}$
- Gravitational force, $G \frac{M m}{r^{2}}$
The speed is then replaced using $v = \frac{2 π r}{T}$ .
Planet B orbits a star at six times the orbital radius of planet A. What is the ratio $\frac{T_{A}}{T_{B}}$ ?
$\frac{T_{A}}{T_{B}} = \frac{\sqrt{r^{3}}}{\sqrt{{(6 r)}^{3}}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{6^{3}}}$
The orbital period of a satellite depends on the mass of the .......... body it orbits.
The orbital period of a satellite depends on the mass of the central body it orbits.
True or False?
The orbital period of a satellite depends on the satellite's own mass.
False.
The satellite's mass cancels when the gravitational and centripetal forces are equated.

Sign up to unlock flashcards

By signing up you agree to our Terms and Privacy Policy

Previous:Spring ForcesNext:Work