Human Population Density, Distribution & Structure (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Environmental Management): Flashcards
Exam code: 0680
1/400Still learning
Know0
Define population distribution.
Was this flashcard helpful?
Cards in this collection (40)
Define population distribution.
Population distribution is the spread of people across a region, showing where they are spread out or concentrated.
Why are East, South and Southeast Asia densely populated?
East, South and Southeast Asia are densely populated because they are fertile and resource-rich, with flat land and reliable water supplies.
Most people live in towns and cities, lowland areas, along rivers and on .
Most people live in towns and cities, lowland areas, along rivers and on coasts.
Define population density.
Population density is the number of people living in a given area.
Population density is usually measured in people per square .
Population density is usually measured in people per square kilometre.
True or False?
Only physical factors cause sparse populations.
False.
Human factors also cause sparse populations, such as a lack of jobs and poor infrastructure.
Which physical factors lead to sparse populations?
Physical factors that lead to sparse populations include poor soil, steep land and limited access to water.
True or False?
A low population density means that many people live in a large area.
False.
A low population density means that only a few people live in a large area.
In which types of climate are populations usually sparse?
Populations are usually sparse in extreme climates, such as deserts and the poles.
Which hemisphere has the highest population densities?
The highest population densities are in the northern hemisphere.
True or False?
More than half of the world's population now lives in cities.
True.
About 55% of people now live in cities, and the UN predicts urbanisation will raise this to 68% by 2050.
Define population structure.
Population structure is the composition of a population by age and sex.
What age range do young dependants cover?
Young dependants are people aged 0-14, who rely on adults for food, housing and education.
Define working population.
The working population is people aged 15-64 who are economically active and support the economy.
What age are elderly dependants?
Elderly dependants are people aged 65 and over, who may need healthcare and pensions.
On a population pyramid, males appear on the and females on the right.
On a population pyramid, males appear on the left and females on the right.
Define population pyramid.
A population pyramid is a graph that displays the age and gender structure of a population.
True or False?
The width of each bar on a population pyramid shows the age of that group.
False.
The width of each bar shows the size of the population in that age group.
True or False?
Population pyramids usually show age groups in ten-year bands.
False.
Population pyramids usually show age groups in five-year bands on the vertical axis.
What shape does an expansive pyramid have?
An expansive pyramid has a wide base and a narrow top.
True or False?
Expansive pyramids show low birth rates.
False.
Expansive pyramids show high birth rates and a large young population, common in many low-income countries.
Which birth and death rates does a stationary pyramid show?
A stationary pyramid shows that birth rates and death rates are both low.
Constrictive pyramids have a narrow base, which shows low birth rates and an population.
Constrictive pyramids have a narrow base, which shows low birth rates and an ageing population.
Which pressures do countries with constrictive pyramids face?
Countries with constrictive pyramids may face labour shortages and more pressure on healthcare and pensions.
How can migration affect population structure?
Migration can create a sex imbalance; in the United Arab Emirates, male workers migrating for oil, gas and construction jobs mean there are far more males than females.
How do population pyramids help governments?
Population pyramids help governments plan for education, housing and healthcare by showing future population growth or decline and future workforce size.
How does the World Bank group countries?
The World Bank groups countries by their income per person.
Define middle-income trap.
The middle-income trap is when a country stagnates after rapid growth and cannot become a high-income economy, because of rising wages and a lack of innovation.
What are the economies of low-income countries (LICs) often based on?
LIC economies are often based on agriculture and low-paid primary industries.
True or False?
Birth rates in middle-income countries (MICs) are rising.
False.
Birth rates in MICs are falling, although population growth often continues.
Which industries dominate the economies of high-income countries (HICs)?
Tertiary and quaternary industries dominate HIC economies.
Into which two groups does the World Bank split MICs?
The World Bank splits MICs into lower-middle and upper-middle income groups.
In LICs, many people live close to or below the line.
In LICs, many people live close to or below the poverty line.
True or False?
Healthcare and education are less available in MICs than in LICs.
False.
Healthcare and education are more widely available in MICs than in LICs.
What does a large under-15 population create in an LIC?
A large under-15 population creates a high youth dependency ratio in an LIC.
Why does an LIC population pyramid narrow quickly with age?
An LIC pyramid narrows quickly because limited healthcare, lower incomes and rural living conditions reduce survival into old age.
An increasing elderly population in an HIC raises the dependency ratio.
An increasing elderly population in an HIC raises the old-age dependency ratio.
Which factors lower birth rates in an HIC such as the USA?
Family planning, higher living costs and female employment lower birth rates in an HIC such as the USA.
Which services face pressure in an HIC with an ageing population?
An ageing population puts pressure on healthcare systems, pensions and social care services.
True or False?
An LIC's main population challenge is supporting a large elderly population.
False.
An LIC's main challenge is providing schools, jobs and healthcare for a growing young population.
Sign up to unlock flashcards
or