Cell Structure (Edexcel IGCSE Science (Double Award): Biology): Flashcards
Exam code: 4SD0
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What is the function of the nucleus?
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What is the function of the nucleus?
It contains the genetic material of the cell, in the form of chromosomes.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It controls which substances enter and leave the cell.
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
It is the site of many chemical reactions in the cell.
It is a jelly-like substance containing water and many dissolved solutes.
What is the function of the mitochondria?
They are the site of aerobic respiration.
What is the function of the ribosomes?
They are the site of protein synthesis.
What is the function of the cell wall?
It gives the cell extra support, defines its shape and prevents it bursting.
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
They are the site of photosynthesis.
They contain chlorophyll, which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis.
What is the function of the vacuole?
It contains cell sap — water with dissolved solutes — and provides support to plant cells, helping them stay firm.
Ribosomes are the site of ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ synthesis.
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis.
Name three organelles found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Which three structures do plant cells have that animal cells lack?
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Permanent vacuole
True or False?
Cell walls are found in both plant cells and animal cells.
False.
Only plant cells have a cell wall. Animal cells have a cell membrane but no cell wall.
What is the difference between a mitochondrion and mitochondria?
Mitochondrion refers to one organelle.
Mitochondria refers to more than one — for example, muscle cells contain many mitochondria.
The cell wall gives a plant cell extra support and prevents it from ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
The cell wall gives a plant cell extra support and prevents it from bursting.
True or False?
Chlorophyll is found inside the chloroplasts.
True.
Chlorophyll absorbs the light used in photosynthesis, and chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis.
What does cell sap consist of?
Water with dissolved solutes.
Name five structures found in both animal and plant cells.
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Which two structures are found in plant cells but not animal cells?
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
How does the vacuole differ between animal and plant cells?
Animal cells — vacuole is small and temporary
Plant cells — vacuole is large and permanent
The cell wall of a plant cell is made of ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
The cell wall of a plant cell is made of cellulose.
What does the cell wall do for a plant cell?
It gives the cell its shape and provides protection.
True or False?
Every plant cell contains chloroplasts.
False.
Only plant cells found in the leaf and stem may contain chloroplasts — the parts of the plant that are exposed to light.
What is the function of the permanent vacuole in a plant cell?
It is filled with cell sap and pushes the cytoplasm against the cell wall, keeping the cell turgid.
True or False?
Animal cells never contain a vacuole.
False.
Animal cells can contain a small, temporary vacuole. It is the large, permanent vacuole that is a plant-cell feature.
Why can a plant cell photosynthesise but an animal cell cannot?
Plant cells contain chloroplasts, the site of photosynthesis. Animal cells have no chloroplasts.
Both animal and plant cells contain ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿, the site of aerobic respiration.
Both animal and plant cells contain mitochondria, the site of aerobic respiration.
Which structure controls what enters and leaves both cell types?
The cell membrane.
Where in a plant would you find cells containing chloroplasts?
In the leaf and the stem.
How do plant and animal cells differ in how they store carbohydrate?
Plant cells store it as starch or sucrose
Animal cells store it as glycogen
True or False?
Both animal and plant cells contain a nucleus.
True.
Both are eukaryotic, so both have a nucleus containing the cell's genetic material.
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