Define saturated hydrocarbon .

A saturated hydrocarbon is a compound of carbon and hydrogen that contains only carbon-carbon single bonds and no double bonds .

The general formula of the alkanes is .......... .

The general formula of the alkanes is C n H 2n+2 .

Why are alkanes described as saturated hydrocarbons?

Alkanes are described as saturated because they contain only carbon-carbon single bonds — there are no double bonds in their structure.

True or False? The molecular formula of methane is CH 4 .

True. Methane is the first member of the alkane homologous series and has the molecular formula CH 4 , fitting the general formula C n H 2n+2 with n = 1.

Define homologous series .

A homologous series is a family of compounds that share the same general formula , differ by CH 2 between successive members and show a gradual trend in physical properties.

Name the first five alkanes in order of increasing carbon number.

Methane (CH 4 ) Ethane (C 2 H 6 ) Propane (C 3 H 8 ) Butane (C 4 H 10 ) Pentane (C 5 H 12 )

Pentane has the molecular formula .......... and contains .......... carbon atoms.

Pentane has the molecular formula C 5 H 12 and contains five carbon atoms.

True or False? Alkanes are generally very reactive compounds.

False. Alkanes are generally unreactive compounds, though they do undergo combustion, can be cracked into smaller molecules and can react with halogens in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light .

What condition is required for alkanes to react with halogens?

Alkanes react with halogens only in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation , which provides the energy needed to initiate the substitution reaction .

Define substitution reaction .

A substitution reaction is a reaction in which one atom or group of atoms is swapped for another atom or group.

True or False? Methane reacts with bromine in UV radiation to form bromomethane and hydrogen bromide.

True. In the presence of UV radiation , methane undergoes a substitution reaction with bromine : CH 4 + Br 2 → CH 3 Br + HBr .

Methane reacts with chlorine in UV radiation to form .......... and .......... .

Methane reacts with chlorine in UV radiation to form chloromethane and hydrogen chloride (HCl).

What type of organic compound forms when an alkane reacts with a halogen?

A halogenoalkane (also called a haloalkane) forms, in which one hydrogen atom in the alkane has been replaced by a halogen atom.

True or False? Alkanes react with halogens in the dark without any energy input.

False. The reaction between alkanes and halogens requires ultraviolet (UV) radiation to proceed — it does not occur in the dark.

Halogenoalkanes are used as .......... , refrigerants and .......... .

Halogenoalkanes are used as solvents , refrigerants and pharmaceuticals .

What by-product is produced when methane reacts with chlorine in UV radiation?

Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is produced as a by-product alongside chloromethane (CH 3 Cl) in the reaction.

IGCSEScienceEdexcelScience (Double Award)ChemistryFlashcards4. Organic ChemistryAlkanes

Alkanes (Edexcel IGCSE Science (Double Award): Chemistry): Flashcards

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Define saturated hydrocarbon.

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Cards in this collection (16)

Define saturated hydrocarbon.
A saturated hydrocarbon is a compound of carbon and hydrogen that contains only carbon-carbon single bonds and no double bonds.
The general formula of the alkanes is ...........
The general formula of the alkanes is C_nH_2n+2.
Why are alkanes described as saturated hydrocarbons?
Alkanes are described as saturated because they contain only carbon-carbon single bonds — there are no double bonds in their structure.
True or False?
The molecular formula of methane is CH₄.
True.
Methane is the first member of the alkane homologous series and has the molecular formula CH₄, fitting the general formula C_nH_2n+2 with n = 1.
Define homologous series.
A homologous series is a family of compounds that share the same general formula, differ by CH₂ between successive members and show a gradual trend in physical properties.
Name the first five alkanes in order of increasing carbon number.
1. Methane (CH₄)
2. Ethane (C₂H₆)
3. Propane (C₃H₈)
4. Butane (C₄H₁₀)
5. Pentane (C₅H₁₂)
Pentane has the molecular formula .......... and contains .......... carbon atoms.
Pentane has the molecular formula C₅H₁₂ and contains five carbon atoms.
True or False?
Alkanes are generally very reactive compounds.
False.
Alkanes are generally unreactive compounds, though they do undergo combustion, can be cracked into smaller molecules and can react with halogens in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light.
What condition is required for alkanes to react with halogens?
Alkanes react with halogens only in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which provides the energy needed to initiate the substitution reaction.
Define substitution reaction.
A substitution reaction is a reaction in which one atom or group of atoms is swapped for another atom or group.
True or False?
Methane reacts with bromine in UV radiation to form bromomethane and hydrogen bromide.
True.
In the presence of UV radiation, methane undergoes a substitution reaction with bromine: CH₄ + Br₂ → CH₃Br + HBr.
Methane reacts with chlorine in UV radiation to form .......... and .......... .
Methane reacts with chlorine in UV radiation to form chloromethane and hydrogen chloride (HCl).
What type of organic compound forms when an alkane reacts with a halogen?
A halogenoalkane (also called a haloalkane) forms, in which one hydrogen atom in the alkane has been replaced by a halogen atom.
True or False?
Alkanes react with halogens in the dark without any energy input.
False.
The reaction between alkanes and halogens requires ultraviolet (UV) radiation to proceed — it does not occur in the dark.
Halogenoalkanes are used as .........., refrigerants and ...........
Halogenoalkanes are used as solvents, refrigerants and pharmaceuticals.
What by-product is produced when methane reacts with chlorine in UV radiation?
Hydrogen chloride (HCl) is produced as a by-product alongside chloromethane (CH₃Cl) in the reaction.

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