What are subatomic particles ?

Subatomic particles are the particles that make up an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus; electrons occupy orbitals around the nucleus.

What is relative isotopic mass ?

Relative isotopic mass is the mass of a single isotope relative to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

What are the relative mass and relative charge of a proton, neutron and electron?

Proton: relative mass 1, relative charge +1. Neutron: relative mass 1, relative charge 0. Electron: relative mass 1/1836 (negligible), relative charge -1.

What is the equation for calculating relative atomic mass ( A r ) from isotope data?

A r = sum of (relative abundance of each isotope x mass of that isotope) / 100. Relative abundances must sum to 100.

The number of neutrons in an atom = mass number minus ..........

The number of neutrons in an atom = mass number minus atomic number .

In a mass spectrometer, vaporised atoms are bombarded by high-energy electrons to form ..........

In a mass spectrometer, vaporised atoms are bombarded by high-energy electrons to form positive ions . The electrons knock electrons off the sample atoms, creating positive ions that are then accelerated and detected.

Atomic number (symbol Z ) is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. In a neutral atom, it also equals the number of electrons.

True or False? The molecular ion peak (M + ) in a mass spectrum gives the relative molecular mass of the compound.

True. The M + peak has the highest m/z value in the spectrum, and this value equals the relative molecular mass of the compound.

Mass number (symbol A ) is the total number of protons and neutrons (nucleons) in the nucleus of an atom.

What is the [M+1] peak in a mass spectrum?

The [M+1] peak is a small peak one mass unit above the molecular ion peak, caused by the natural abundance of 13 C isotopes in the compound. Larger molecules with more carbon atoms have a taller [M+1] peak.

True or False? Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

True. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number (proton count) but different mass numbers, because they contain different numbers of neutrons.

A compound contains one chlorine atom. What molecular ion peaks appear in its mass spectrum, and what is the peak height ratio?

Two molecular ion peaks appear: M + (containing 35 Cl) and [M+2] (containing 37 Cl). The ratio of peak heights is 3:1 , reflecting the relative abundance of 35 Cl to 37 Cl.

Why do isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties?

Isotopes have the same number of electrons , and it is electrons that determine how an atom reacts chemically. The different neutron counts only affect the mass, not the electronic structure.

True or False? A compound containing one bromine atom shows M + and [M+2] peaks in a 1:1 ratio.

True. Bromine has two isotopes, 79 Br and 81 Br, with approximately equal relative abundances. This gives M + and [M+2] peaks of similar height in a 1:1 ratio.

A Mg 2+ ion has 12 protons, 12 neutrons and .......... electrons.

A Mg 2+ ion has 12 protons, 12 neutrons and 10 electrons. Mg has 12 electrons. Losing 2 electrons (2+ charge) leaves 10 electrons.

A compound containing two chlorine atoms shows M + , [M+2] and [M+4] peaks in the ratio ..........

A compound containing two chlorine atoms shows M + , [M+2] and [M+4] peaks in the ratio 9:6:1 . This reflects the probability of each chlorine being 35 Cl or 37 Cl.

True or False? Isotopes of the same element have the same physical properties.

False. Isotopes differ in the number of neutrons, so they have different masses and therefore different physical properties such as density, melting point and boiling point.

How does the number of carbon atoms in a molecule affect the [M+1] peak in its mass spectrum?

The more carbon atoms in the molecule, the taller the [M+1] peak. This is because each additional carbon atom increases the chance that at least one is 13 C.

How many electrons does a negatively charged ion have compared to the neutral atom?

A negatively charged ion has more electrons than the neutral atom. It has gained electrons equal to the magnitude of its negative charge.

International A Level (IAL)ChemistryEdexcelFlashcards1. Structure, Bonding & Introduction to Organic ChemistryAtomic Structure

Atomic Structure (Edexcel International A Level (IAL) Chemistry): Flashcards

Exam code: YCH11

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FrontSub-Atomic Particles
What are subatomic particles?
FrontSub-Atomic Particles
What are the relative mass and relative charge of a proton, neutron and electron?
BackSub-Atomic Particles
Proton: relative mass 1, relative charge +1.
Neutron: relative mass 1, relative charge 0.
Electron: relative mass 1/1836 (negligible), relative charge -1.

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Cards in this collection (19)

What are subatomic particles?
Subatomic particles are the particles that make up an atom: protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are in the nucleus; electrons occupy orbitals around the nucleus.
What is relative isotopic mass?
Relative isotopic mass is the mass of a single isotope relative to 1/12 of the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
What are the relative mass and relative charge of a proton, neutron and electron?
1. Proton: relative mass 1, relative charge +1.
2. Neutron: relative mass 1, relative charge 0.
3. Electron: relative mass 1/1836 (negligible), relative charge -1.
What is the equation for calculating relative atomic mass (A_r) from isotope data?
A_r = sum of (relative abundance of each isotope x mass of that isotope) / 100.
Relative abundances must sum to 100.
The number of neutrons in an atom = mass number minus ..........
The number of neutrons in an atom = mass number minus atomic number.
In a mass spectrometer, vaporised atoms are bombarded by high-energy electrons to form ..........
In a mass spectrometer, vaporised atoms are bombarded by high-energy electrons to form positive ions.
The electrons knock electrons off the sample atoms, creating positive ions that are then accelerated and detected.
Define atomic number
Atomic number (symbol Z) is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. In a neutral atom, it also equals the number of electrons.
True or False?
The molecular ion peak (M⁺) in a mass spectrum gives the relative molecular mass of the compound.
True.
The M⁺ peak has the highest m/z value in the spectrum, and this value equals the relative molecular mass of the compound.
Define mass number
Mass number (symbol A) is the total number of protons and neutrons (nucleons) in the nucleus of an atom.
What is the [M+1] peak in a mass spectrum?
The [M+1] peak is a small peak one mass unit above the molecular ion peak, caused by the natural abundance of ¹³C isotopes in the compound. Larger molecules with more carbon atoms have a taller [M+1] peak.
True or False?
Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
True.
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number (proton count) but different mass numbers, because they contain different numbers of neutrons.
A compound contains one chlorine atom. What molecular ion peaks appear in its mass spectrum, and what is the peak height ratio?
Two molecular ion peaks appear: M⁺ (containing ³⁵Cl) and [M+2] (containing ³⁷Cl). The ratio of peak heights is 3:1, reflecting the relative abundance of ³⁵Cl to ³⁷Cl.
Why do isotopes of the same element have the same chemical properties?
Isotopes have the same number of electrons, and it is electrons that determine how an atom reacts chemically. The different neutron counts only affect the mass, not the electronic structure.
True or False?
A compound containing one bromine atom shows M⁺ and [M+2] peaks in a 1:1 ratio.
True.
Bromine has two isotopes, ⁷⁹Br and ⁸¹Br, with approximately equal relative abundances. This gives M⁺ and [M+2] peaks of similar height in a 1:1 ratio.
A Mg²⁺ ion has 12 protons, 12 neutrons and .......... electrons.
A Mg²⁺ ion has 12 protons, 12 neutrons and 10 electrons.
Mg has 12 electrons. Losing 2 electrons (2+ charge) leaves 10 electrons.
A compound containing two chlorine atoms shows M⁺, [M+2] and [M+4] peaks in the ratio ..........
A compound containing two chlorine atoms shows M⁺, [M+2] and [M+4] peaks in the ratio 9:6:1.
This reflects the probability of each chlorine being ³⁵Cl or ³⁷Cl.
True or False?
Isotopes of the same element have the same physical properties.
False.
Isotopes differ in the number of neutrons, so they have different masses and therefore different physical properties such as density, melting point and boiling point.
How does the number of carbon atoms in a molecule affect the [M+1] peak in its mass spectrum?
The more carbon atoms in the molecule, the taller the [M+1] peak. This is because each additional carbon atom increases the chance that at least one is ¹³C.
How many electrons does a negatively charged ion have compared to the neutral atom?
A negatively charged ion has more electrons than the neutral atom. It has gained electrons equal to the magnitude of its negative charge.

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