Email is a method of exchanging messages and files over the internet .

What are the three main uses of email?

The main uses are personal communication , professional correspondence and marketing .

What three things do company email guidelines cover?

Guidelines cover the purpose of the email, the use of acceptable language , and email security , including anti-virus software.

Give two rules about acceptable language in emails.

Use a professional tone and include a clear subject line . Never use offensive or obscene language or images, racist or violent content , or send illegal material .

True or False? Writing an email entirely in capital letters is acceptable.

False. You should not use all capitals , because it implies shouting .

Netiquette, short for internet etiquette , is the need to respect others online , including respecting their opinions in forums, messages and emails.

How should an email inbox be protected?

An inbox should be protected by strong passwords that are frequently changed , with spam filters and antivirus software in place at all times.

Why might a company use an email group?

An email group allows mass communication with a defined set of recipients , is easier than sending multiple emails, and ensures no one misses out on key information.

Give one drawback of email groups.

Spammers can use them to target a large group of people with ease.

What is the difference between CC and BCC?

Carbon copy (CC) includes additional recipients who can be seen by everyone, while blind carbon copy (BCC) lets additional recipients view the email without the other recipients knowing .

What does forwarding an email do?

Forwarding sends an existing email to a new recipient .

allow files to be sent along with an email message.

Attachments allow files to be sent along with an email message.

Spam is unwanted or unsolicited junk mail which is sent in large numbers to inboxes.

What is spam usually used for?

Spam is usually used for advertising , or for phishing and spreading malware .

True or False? A phishing email pretends to come from a reputable company or organisation.

True. Phishing emails act as a reputable company or organisation in order to get personal details such as usernames and passwords.

Give three ways to recognise a spam email.

Spam often has spelling or grammatical errors , uses broken English , does not address you by name , asks you to click a link and enter your details , and pressures you to act immediately .

Give two ways to prevent spam.

Use an anti-spam filter , do not agree to marketing emails , do not reply to spam, and never complete a form by clicking a link in an email . Visit the website of your own accord instead.

Define the Internet .

The Internet is a network of networks which allows users to share and distribute information outside of an organisation and to send and receive emails .

A blog, short for web log , is a journal shared on the internet by a writer, regularly updated and often written in an informal or conversational style .

In what order are blog posts usually presented?

Blog posts are usually presented in reverse chronological order .

True or False? Other internet users can change the content of a blog.

False. Other users cannot change the content of a blog. They can only read it and leave comments .

A forum is an online discussion site where people hold conversations in the form of posted messages .

What are the categories a forum is divided into called?

Forum categories are called threads .

What is the difference between a moderated and an unmoderated forum?

A moderated forum is under the control of an administrator who decides what can be posted, preventing inappropriate content. An unmoderated forum has no one in charge and relies on voluntary action between users .

A wiki is a website or web application that allows users to add or edit content .

Give two features of a wiki.

A wiki facilitates collaboration and knowledge sharing , its posts are not in chronological order , its structure is determined by the content or its users , and changes can be tracked and reverted .

What is the main difference between a blog and a forum?

A blog is managed by an individual or small group and readers can only comment, while a forum is focused on peer-to-peer interaction between users.

What is a social network?

A social network is a platform where users can connect with others and share content such as text, images, videos and links.

What do privacy settings on a social network allow a user to do?

Privacy settings allow users to control who can see their content .

Define Internet Service Provider (ISP) .

An Internet Service Provider is a company that provides access to the Internet to users and businesses, by leasing the equipment and telecommunication lines required.

What is a web browser?

A web browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve and display content on the World Wide Web.

Name three features of a web browser.

Most web browsers have a home page , the ability to bookmark favourites , a history of visited websites , and hyperlinks for navigating between pages.

A hyperlink is a word, phrase or image which references data that the reader can follow by clicking or tapping , usually taking them to another web page.

Why are URLs used instead of IP addresses?

Websites are stored as IP addresses , which are not user friendly , so an alphanumeric web address is used for the benefit of humans.

What are the three stages a search engine works in?

A search engine works by crawling , indexing and ranking .

is how websites are categorised based on their content, keywords and metadata.

Indexing is how websites are categorised based on their content, keywords and metadata.

Give two ways to refine a search.

Use quotation marks for exact phrases, plus signs for mandatory terms, and minus signs to exclude terms.

How do you judge whether information found online is reliable?

Consider the reputation and credibility of the source , check it against other reputable sources , consider whether it is biased , and check how up to date it is.

Give one argument for and one argument against policing the internet.

For: the internet contains inappropriate and criminal material that can harm younger and vulnerable users. Against: it goes against freedom of speech , and it is not up to one person to define what people find offensive.

A protocol is a set of rules that govern communication on a network .

Name three internet protocols.

Internet protocols include HTTP and HTTPS , FTP , SSL and TLS , VoIP and SMTP .

What does HTTP stand for and what does it do?

HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol . It allows communication between clients and servers for website viewing .

Give two things HTTP allows a client to do.

HTTP allows a client to receive data from the server, such as fetching a webpage, and to send data to the server, such as submitting a form or uploading a file.

What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

HTTPS works in the same way as HTTP but with an added layer of security , because all data sent and received is encrypted .

What is HTTPS used to protect?

HTTPS is used to protect sensitive information such as passwords , financial information and personal data .

Define File Transfer Protocol (FTP) .

FTP is a protocol that allows sending and receiving files between computers .

True or False? FTP is the protocol used to display web pages in a browser.

False. HTTP displays web pages. FTP sends and receives files between computers, such as uploading files to a web server.

Give two advantages of FTP.

FTP offers greater efficiency , support for bulk transfers and large files , and the ability to resume interrupted transfers .

What is an FTP client?

An FTP client is a software application that uses the FTP protocol to make transferring files easier for users.

TLS is the successor to SSL , and is also a security protocol used to provide secure communication over the internet.

What type of encryption do SSL and TLS use?

They use a combination of symmetric and asymmetric encryption to secure data and ensure data integrity .

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Communication (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE ICT): Flashcards

Exam code: 0417 & 0983

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Cards in this collection (53)

Define email.
Email is a method of exchanging messages and files over the internet.
What are the three main uses of email?
The main uses are personal communication, professional correspondence and marketing.
What three things do company email guidelines cover?
Guidelines cover the purpose of the email, the use of acceptable language, and email security, including anti-virus software.
Give two rules about acceptable language in emails.
Use a professional tone and include a clear subject line. Never use offensive or obscene language or images, racist or violent content, or send illegal material.
True or False?
Writing an email entirely in capital letters is acceptable.
False.
You should not use all capitals, because it implies shouting.
Define netiquette.
Netiquette, short for internet etiquette, is the need to respect others online, including respecting their opinions in forums, messages and emails.
How should an email inbox be protected?
An inbox should be protected by strong passwords that are frequently changed, with spam filters and antivirus software in place at all times.
Why might a company use an email group?
An email group allows mass communication with a defined set of recipients, is easier than sending multiple emails, and ensures no one misses out on key information.
Give one drawback of email groups.
Spammers can use them to target a large group of people with ease.
What is the difference between CC and BCC?
Carbon copy (CC) includes additional recipients who can be seen by everyone, while blind carbon copy (BCC) lets additional recipients view the email without the other recipients knowing.
What does forwarding an email do?
Forwarding sends an existing email to a new recipient.
allow files to be sent along with an email message.
Attachments allow files to be sent along with an email message.
Define spam.
Spam is unwanted or unsolicited junk mail which is sent in large numbers to inboxes.
What is spam usually used for?
Spam is usually used for advertising, or for phishing and spreading malware.
True or False?
A phishing email pretends to come from a reputable company or organisation.
True.
Phishing emails act as a reputable company or organisation in order to get personal details such as usernames and passwords.
Give three ways to recognise a spam email.
Spam often has spelling or grammatical errors, uses broken English, does not address you by name, asks you to click a link and enter your details, and pressures you to act immediately.
Give two ways to prevent spam.
Use an anti-spam filter, do not agree to marketing emails, do not reply to spam, and never complete a form by clicking a link in an email. Visit the website of your own accord instead.
Define the Internet.
The Internet is a network of networks which allows users to share and distribute information outside of an organisation and to send and receive emails.
Define blog.
A blog, short for web log, is a journal shared on the internet by a writer, regularly updated and often written in an informal or conversational style.
In what order are blog posts usually presented?
Blog posts are usually presented in reverse chronological order.
True or False?
Other internet users can change the content of a blog.
False.
Other users cannot change the content of a blog. They can only read it and leave comments.
Define forum.
A forum is an online discussion site where people hold conversations in the form of posted messages.
What are the categories a forum is divided into called?
Forum categories are called threads.
What is the difference between a moderated and an unmoderated forum?
A moderated forum is under the control of an administrator who decides what can be posted, preventing inappropriate content. An unmoderated forum has no one in charge and relies on voluntary action between users.
Define wiki.
A wiki is a website or web application that allows users to add or edit content.
Give two features of a wiki.
A wiki facilitates collaboration and knowledge sharing, its posts are not in chronological order, its structure is determined by the content or its users, and changes can be tracked and reverted.
What is the main difference between a blog and a forum?
A blog is managed by an individual or small group and readers can only comment, while a forum is focused on peer-to-peer interaction between users.
What is a social network?
A social network is a platform where users can connect with others and share content such as text, images, videos and links.
What do privacy settings on a social network allow a user to do?
Privacy settings allow users to control who can see their content.
Define Internet Service Provider (ISP).
An Internet Service Provider is a company that provides access to the Internet to users and businesses, by leasing the equipment and telecommunication lines required.
What is a web browser?
A web browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve and display content on the World Wide Web.
Name three features of a web browser.
Most web browsers have a home page, the ability to bookmark favourites, a history of visited websites, and hyperlinks for navigating between pages.
Define hyperlink.
A hyperlink is a word, phrase or image which references data that the reader can follow by clicking or tapping, usually taking them to another web page.
Why are URLs used instead of IP addresses?
Websites are stored as IP addresses, which are not user friendly, so an alphanumeric web address is used for the benefit of humans.
What are the three stages a search engine works in?
A search engine works by crawling, indexing and ranking.
is how websites are categorised based on their content, keywords and metadata.
Indexing is how websites are categorised based on their content, keywords and metadata.
Give two ways to refine a search.
Use quotation marks for exact phrases, plus signs for mandatory terms, and minus signs to exclude terms.
How do you judge whether information found online is reliable?
Consider the reputation and credibility of the source, check it against other reputable sources, consider whether it is biased, and check how up to date it is.
Give one argument for and one argument against policing the internet.
For: the internet contains inappropriate and criminal material that can harm younger and vulnerable users. Against: it goes against freedom of speech, and it is not up to one person to define what people find offensive.
Define protocol.
A protocol is a set of rules that govern communication on a network.
Name three internet protocols.
Internet protocols include HTTP and HTTPS, FTP, SSL and TLS, VoIP and SMTP.
What does HTTP stand for and what does it do?
HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. It allows communication between clients and servers for website viewing.
Give two things HTTP allows a client to do.
HTTP allows a client to receive data from the server, such as fetching a webpage, and to send data to the server, such as submitting a form or uploading a file.
What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?
HTTPS works in the same way as HTTP but with an added layer of security, because all data sent and received is encrypted.
What is HTTPS used to protect?
HTTPS is used to protect sensitive information such as passwords, financial information and personal data.
Define File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
FTP is a protocol that allows sending and receiving files between computers.
True or False?
FTP is the protocol used to display web pages in a browser.
False.
HTTP displays web pages. FTP sends and receives files between computers, such as uploading files to a web server.
Give two advantages of FTP.
FTP offers greater efficiency, support for bulk transfers and large files, and the ability to resume interrupted transfers.
What is an FTP client?
An FTP client is a software application that uses the FTP protocol to make transferring files easier for users.
What is TLS?
TLS is the successor to SSL, and is also a security protocol used to provide secure communication over the internet.
What type of encryption do SSL and TLS use?
They use a combination of symmetric and asymmetric encryption to secure data and ensure data integrity.
SSL operates by encrypting a user's data using a key.
SSL operates by encrypting a user's data using a public key.
Give three situations where SSL is used.
SSL is used for online banking, online shopping, cloud storage, messaging, social networking websites and intranets and extranets.

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