Exam code: 9701
X, Y and Z are all organic compounds.
X can be manufactured by the oxidation of propene.
CH3CH=CH2 + O2 → CH2=CHCHO + H2O
Name X and name all the functional groups present in X.
Fig. 1.1 shows the skeletal formula of Y.
Fig. 1.1
Deduce the empirical and molecular formulae of Y.
Z is a saturated hydrocarbon that is a structural isomer of pentene.
Draw the skeletal formula of Z.
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Crotonic acid has the molecular formula C4H6O2. Deduce the empirical formula of crotonic acid.
The systematic name of crotonic acid is but-2-enoic acid.
Draw the displayed formulae of two structural isomers of crotonic acid that also contain the carboxylic acid functional group.
The structure of oleic acid is shown in Fig. 2.1.
Fig. 2.1
i) State the type of formula shown in Fig. 2.1.
[1]
ii) Deduce the molecular formula of oleic acid.
[1]
iii) Explain whether oleic acid belongs to the same homologous series as crotonic acid.
[3]
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A selection of chemical compounds is analysed. The displayed formulae of these compounds are shown in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1
Compound | Displayed formula | Functional group(s) present |
|---|---|---|
1 |  | |
2 |  | |
3 |  | |
4 |  |
Complete Table 3.1 by naming all the functional groups present in compounds 1–4.
Give the systematic name of each of compounds 1–4.
Deduce which of compounds 1–4 have an empirical formula that is the same as their molecular formula. Explain your answer.
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Terpenes are a class of organic compounds widely used as fragrances in products such as perfumes. Nerol is a terpene found in many essential oils such as lemongrass and hops. The structure of nerol is shown in Fig. 1.1.
Fig. 1.1
i) Deduce the molecular formula of nerol.
[1]
ii) Calculate the relative molecular mass, Mr, of nerol. Show your working.
[1]
iii) Deduce the empirical formula of nerol.
[1]
Deduce whether molecules of nerol show geometrical (cis-trans) isomerism and whether they show optical isomerism. Explain your answers.
Two structural isomers of nerol are linalool and geraniol. The IUPAC names for linalool and geraniol are shown in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
Isomer | IUPAC name |
|---|---|
Linalool | 3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-ol |
Geraniol | 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-ol |
Draw the skeletal formulae for linalool and geraniol.
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