Exam code: YPH11
Which of the following statements does not help to explain why electrons can be used to probe the nuclei of atoms?
Electrons can be accelerated to high energies.
Electrons can be part of an atom.
Electrons can exhibit diffraction effects.
Electrons can have wavelengths similar in size to nuclear diameters.
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Which of the following describes why electrons are released from a metal filament during thermionic emission?
Electrons in the metal filament are accelerated by a strong electric field.
Electrons in the metal filament are bombarded by high-energy particles.
Electrons gain energy when photons are incident on the metal surface.
Electrons gain energy when the metal filament is heated by an electric current.
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is an isotope of oxygen.
Which row of the table gives the number of nucleons and the number of neutrons in an atom of ?
| Number of nucleons | Number of neutrons |
A | 8 | 8 |
B | 8 | 9 |
C | 17 | 8 |
D | 17 | 9 |
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A nuclide of bismuth contains 214 nucleons and 83 protons.
How many neutrons are in the nuclide?
83
131
214
297
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The diagram shows some of the components in a cathode ray tube.
Electrons are released from the heated metal filament.
Which of the following is the name of this process?
ionisation
photoelectric emission
relativistic effect
thermionic emission
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The diagram shows some of the components in a cathode ray tube.
When a potential difference is applied across the parallel metal plates, the electrons are deflected.
Which of the following changes would decrease the deflection of the electrons?
increasing the current in the metal filament
increasing the distance between the plates
increasing the length of the plates
increasing the potential difference across the plates
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In the early 20th century experiments were carried out to measure the scattering of alpha particles after striking thin gold foil.
Which of the following could not be concluded from the results of these experiments?
The nucleus is charged.
The nucleus contains most of the mass of the atom.
The nucleus contains neutrons and protons.
The nucleus is very small compared to the atom.
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A charged particle is accelerated in a spiral path in a cyclotron.
Which of the following changes would increase the amount of energy transferred to the particle as it travels through 360°?
increasing the distance between the dees
increasing the frequency of the potential difference across the dees
increasing the strength of the magnetic field within the dees
increasing the maximum potential difference across the dees
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The structure of nucleons can be investigated using electrons with high energies.
Which of the following is the reason why high energies are required?
to allow for the creation of new particles
to overcome the repulsive electrostatic forces
to produce a relativistic increase in particle lifetime
to produce short de Broglie wavelengths
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The diagram shows particle tracks in a bubble chamber. A photon enters the chamber and collides with a stationary neutral hydrogen atom. An electron is ejected from the atom, and an electron–positron pair is produced.
Which of the following is a valid conclusion from these tracks?
The photon enters the chamber from the right
The momentum of the ejected electron is greater than the momentum of the electron–positron pair
The magnetic field is directed out of the page
Charge is not conserved in this interaction
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In an alpha scattering experiment, three alpha particles with equal energies are directed towards the nucleus of a gold atom.
Which of the following diagrams shows the possible paths of the alpha particles?
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Muons created in the upper atmosphere travel towards the ground at speeds close to the speed of light. More muons reach the ground than expected from their lifetime measured at rest.
Which statement explains this observation?
The mass of the muons increases at high speed, so they take longer to decay
The lifetime of the muons is extended by time dilation, so they travel further before decaying
Time dilation means the muons decay in a shorter time as observed from the ground
The muons travel faster than light relative to the ground, so they reach it before decaying
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