Exam code: 7037
What is the urban heat island effect?
The cooling of a city centre caused by tall buildings creating shade.
The way in which heat from the Sun is reflected back into space by city buildings.
The tendency for urban areas to be warmer than the surrounding rural areas, especially at night.
The increase in rainfall over a city compared with the countryside.
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Outline the causes of the urban heat island effect.
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Which of the following is a major cause of poor air quality in cities?
The presence of large parks and street trees.
Exhaust emissions from large volumes of road traffic.
Strong winds blowing through the city centre.
Heavy rainfall washing pollutants out of the air.
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Outline how the form of a city affects wind.
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Outline strategies used to reduce air pollution in cities.
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Figures 6a and 6b are in the insert. Figure 6a shows photochemical pollution over Mexico City in 2013. Figure 6b shows a 2016 report about Mexico City's pollution reduction policies.
Using Figure 6a, Figure 6b and your own knowledge, evaluate the success of pollution reduction policies in cities such as Mexico City.
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Study Figure 1, which shows air temperature recorded at night along a transect across a city, from the rural edge through the centre to the rural edge on the other side.
Figure 1: Night-time air temperature along a transect across a city
Analyse the data shown in Figure 1.
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Assess the extent to which the urban heat island is caused by human activity rather than the physical form of the city.
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Assess the extent to which urban areas modify precipitation and other weather.
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Assess the extent to which legislation is the most effective way to reduce urban air pollution.
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Assess the view that the urban heat island is the most significant way in which cities alter the local climate.
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Assess the extent to which the negative effects of the urban heat island can be reduced.
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'Reducing urban air pollution depends more on changing people's behaviour than on technology or laws.'
How far do you agree with this statement?
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