11.3 Blood Vessels (Cambridge (CIE) O Level Biology): Flashcards
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Define artery.
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Cards in this collection (36)
Define artery.
A blood vessel that carries blood at high pressure away from the heart.
Define vein.
A blood vessel that carries blood at low pressure towards the heart.
Define capillary.
A tiny blood vessel with walls one cell thick where the exchange of substances takes place.
Do arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
Oxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary artery.
Do veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood?
Deoxygenated blood, except for the pulmonary vein.
Why do veins contain valves?
To prevent the backflow of blood, which is under low pressure.
Arteries have thick, muscular walls and a lumen to maintain high pressure.
Arteries have thick, muscular walls and a narrow lumen to maintain high pressure.
Veins have thin walls and a lumen because blood is at low pressure.
Veins have thin walls and a large lumen because blood is at low pressure.
Why do red blood cells pass through some capillaries in single file?
The lumen is very narrow, which reduces the diffusion distance for gas exchange.
True or False?
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
True.
Arteries carry blood at high pressure away from the heart.
True or False?
Veins carry blood at high pressure.
False.
Veins carry blood at low pressure; arteries carry blood at high pressure.
Capillaries have walls that are thick so substances can diffuse easily.
Capillaries have walls that are one cell thick so substances can diffuse easily.
In which type of vessel is blood carried away from the heart towards the organs?
In arteries.
Which type of vessel carries blood back towards the heart?
Veins.
As arteries pass through an organ they narrow to arterioles and then .
As arteries pass through an organ they narrow to arterioles and then capillaries.
Define aorta.
The main artery carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body.
Define vena cava.
The main vein carrying deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart.
Which vessels connect to the lungs, and what do they carry?
The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs; the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood back to the heart.
Which vessels carry blood to and from the kidney?
The renal artery carries blood to the kidney; the renal vein carries blood away.
The artery carries blood towards the liver, and the hepatic vein carries blood away.
The hepatic artery carries blood towards the liver, and the hepatic vein carries blood away.
Which vessel carries blood from the intestines to the liver?
The hepatic portal vein.
True or False?
The renal artery carries blood towards the kidney.
True.
The renal artery carries blood to the kidney; the renal vein carries it away.
True or False?
The pulmonary vein carries blood from the heart to the lungs.
False.
The pulmonary artery carries blood to the lungs; the pulmonary vein carries blood from the lungs to the heart.
Blood leaves the heart to travel around the body through the .
Blood leaves the heart to travel around the body through the aorta.
How are arteries adapted to withstand high pressure?
They have thick, muscular walls containing elastic fibres and a narrow lumen.
Why do artery walls contain elastic fibres?
So they can stretch and recoil, maintaining the blood pressure as blood passes through.
How are veins adapted to their function?
They have a wide lumen (blood is at low pressure) and valves to prevent backflow.
How are capillaries adapted for the exchange of substances?
They have:
walls one cell thick
leaky walls
a narrow lumen so cells pass in single file, reducing the diffusion distance
Capillaries have walls one cell thick so that substances can easily in and out.
Capillaries have walls one cell thick so that substances can easily diffuse in and out.
Define arteriole.
A narrow vessel that connects arteries to capillaries.
Define venule.
A narrow vessel that connects capillaries to veins.
Capillaries have 'leaky' walls, so plasma can leak out and form around the cells.
Capillaries have 'leaky' walls, so plasma can leak out and form tissue fluid around the cells.
Why do arteries have a narrow lumen?
To help maintain the high pressure of the blood.
True or False?
Capillary walls are one cell thick to reduce the diffusion distance.
True.
Thin capillary walls reduce the diffusion distance, speeding up the exchange of substances.
True or False?
Veins have a narrow lumen and thick walls.
False.
Veins have a wide lumen and thin walls; arteries have a narrow lumen and thick walls.
Veins contain to prevent the backflow of blood.
Veins contain valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
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