16.2 Asexual & Sexual Reproduction (Cambridge (CIE) O Level Biology): Flashcards
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Define asexual reproduction.
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Cards in this collection (23)
Define asexual reproduction.
A process resulting in genetically identical offspring from one parent.
Define clone.
An organism that is genetically identical to its parent.
Define binary fission.
A type of asexual reproduction in which bacteria divide to form exact genetic copies of themselves.
Why are offspring of asexual reproduction genetically identical to the parent?
Only one parent is involved, so there is no fusion of gametes and no mixing of genetic information.
Give two ways plants can reproduce asexually.
Plants can reproduce asexually using:
bulbs and tubers
runners (e.g. strawberry plantlets)
State two advantages of asexual reproduction.
Advantages include:
the population can increase rapidly in favourable conditions
it is fast and energy-efficient (only one parent needed)
State one disadvantage of asexual reproduction.
There is limited genetic variation, so the whole population is vulnerable to changes in conditions or to disease.
Asexual reproduction requires only parent.
Asexual reproduction requires only one parent.
Bacteria reproduce asexually by a process called .
Bacteria reproduce asexually by a process called binary fission.
True or False?
Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
True.
Only one parent is involved, so the offspring are clones of the parent.
True or False?
Asexual reproduction involves the fusion of gametes.
False.
Asexual reproduction involves only one parent and no fusion of gametes; fusion of gametes occurs in sexual reproduction.
Why is asexual reproduction useful in crop plants?
A plant with good characteristics (e.g. high yield or disease resistance) can be reproduced so the whole crop shows the same features.
Define sexual reproduction.
A process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes to form a zygote, producing offspring that are genetically different.
Define fertilisation.
The fusion of gamete nuclei.
Define gamete.
A sex cell (e.g. sperm and ovum) whose nucleus is haploid.
Define zygote.
The diploid cell formed when the nuclei of a male and female gamete fuse (a fertilised egg cell).
Why are offspring of sexual reproduction genetically different?
Each gamete comes from a different parent, so their fusion mixes genetic information, creating variation.
How many chromosomes does a human gamete nucleus contain?
23 chromosomes (it is haploid).
State one advantage of sexual reproduction.
It increases genetic variation, so the species can adapt to new environments and is less affected by disease.
A zygote is and contains 46 chromosomes in humans.
A zygote is diploid and contains 46 chromosomes in humans.
The nuclei of gametes are , containing half the chromosome number of a body cell.
The nuclei of gametes are haploid, containing half the chromosome number of a body cell.
True or False?
Fertilisation is the fusion of two gamete nuclei.
True.
Fertilisation is defined as the fusion of the nuclei of a male and a female gamete.
True or False?
Sexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring.
False.
Sexual reproduction mixes genes from two parents, producing genetically different offspring; asexual reproduction gives identical offspring.
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