7.1 Uptake & Transport of Water and Ions (Cambridge (CIE) O Level Biology): Flashcards
Exam code: 5090
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Define root hair cell.
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Define root hair cell.
A cell on the outer surface of plant roots that has a root hair, which absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil.
Define a root hair.
An extension of the cell membrane of a root hair cell that grows between soil particles to absorb water and minerals.
Where are root hair cells found?
On the outer surface of plant roots.
How does the root hair increase the rate of absorption?
The root hair increases the surface area of the cell, which increases the rate of absorption of water and minerals.
Why does water enter a root hair cell by osmosis?
Because the soil water has a higher water potential than the cytoplasm of the root hair cell.
By which process do mineral ions enter a root hair cell?
By active transport.
What two substances do root hair cells absorb from the soil?
Root hair cells absorb:
water
mineral ions
Water enters root hair cells by , while mineral ions enter by .
Water enters root hair cells by osmosis, while mineral ions enter by active transport.
The root hair greatly increases the of the cell, increasing the rate of absorption.
The root hair greatly increases the surface area of the cell, increasing the rate of absorption.
True or False?
Root hairs increase the surface area of the root for absorption.
True.
The root hairs increase the surface area of the roots, which increases the rate of absorption of water and minerals.
True or False?
Mineral ions enter root hair cells by osmosis.
False.
Mineral ions enter root hair cells by active transport; only water enters by osmosis.
Define the root cortex.
The layer of cells between the outer surface of the root and the xylem, through which water moves towards the xylem.
How does water enter the roots of a plant?
Water enters via the root hair cells by the process of osmosis.
In which tissue does water travel from the roots to the leaves?
In the xylem.
Which cells does water enter once it reaches the leaves?
The leaf mesophyll cells.
State the pathway taken by water through a plant.
root hair cell → root cortex cells → xylem → leaf mesophyll cells
Water enters the roots via the root hair cells by the process of .
Water enters the roots via the root hair cells by the process of osmosis.
Water travels from the roots to the leaves inside the .
Water travels from the roots to the leaves inside the xylem.
True or False?
Water crosses the root through the cells of the root cortex.
True.
After entering the root hair cells, water moves across the root through the cells of the root cortex to reach the xylem.
How can the movement of water through a plant be shown using celery?
Place a celery stem in water containing a stain (e.g. food colouring); the dyed water is taken up through the xylem to the leaves.
What does a cross-section of a dyed celery stem show?
Regions of colour that reveal the location of the xylem vessels.
Dyed water is taken up by celery and travels through the to the leaves.
Dyed water is taken up by celery and travels through the xylem to the leaves.
True or False?
Food colouring taken up by celery shows the location of the phloem vessels.
False.
The dye shows the location of the xylem vessels, which transport water.
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