14.3 Mammalian Hormones (Cambridge (CIE) O Level Biology): Flashcards
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- FrontHormones in Humans
Define hormone.
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Cards in this collection (22)
Define hormone.
A chemical substance produced by a gland, carried by the blood, that alters the activity of specific target organs.
Define endocrine system.
The collection of glands that produce and secrete hormones into the blood.
Which gland produces insulin and glucagon?
The pancreas.
Which gland produces adrenaline?
The adrenal glands.
Which gland produces FSH and LH?
The pituitary gland.
How are hormones transported around the body?
In the blood (in the blood plasma).
Give two differences between nervous and hormonal control.
Nervous versus hormonal control:
nervous uses electrical impulses; hormonal uses chemical hormones
nervous acts fast and for a short time; hormonal acts slower and for a longer time
A hormone is a chemical produced by a gland and carried by the to its target organs.
A hormone is a chemical produced by a gland and carried by the blood to its target organs.
Compared with the nervous system, responses brought about by hormones are usually but last longer.
Compared with the nervous system, responses brought about by hormones are usually slower but last longer.
True or False?
Hormones are transmitted as electrical impulses along neurones.
False.
Hormones are chemical messengers carried in the blood, not electrical impulses.
True or False?
Effects of the nervous system are usually faster and shorter-lasting than those of hormones.
True.
Nervous responses are fast and short-lived, whereas hormonal responses are slower and longer-lasting.
Define adrenaline.
The 'fight or flight' hormone, produced by the adrenal glands when the body may be in danger.
When is adrenaline released?
In situations where the body may be in danger ('fight or flight').
Why does adrenaline increase the blood glucose concentration?
To deliver more glucose to muscle cells for increased respiration.
Why does adrenaline increase pulse rate and breathing rate?
So glucose and oxygen reach muscle cells, and carbon dioxide is removed, more quickly.
Why does adrenaline cause the pupils to dilate?
To allow more light to reach the retina, so more information is sent to the brain.
What are the main effects of adrenaline on the body?
Adrenaline:
increases blood glucose concentration
increases pulse and breathing rate
diverts blood flow to the muscles
dilates the pupils
Which gland produces adrenaline?
The adrenal glands.
Adrenaline is often called the hormone because it prepares the body for action.
Adrenaline is often called the 'fight or flight' hormone because it prepares the body for action.
Adrenaline diverts blood flow towards the and away from non-essential organs such as the gut.
Adrenaline diverts blood flow towards the muscles and away from non-essential organs such as the gut.
True or False?
Adrenaline lowers the blood glucose concentration.
False.
Adrenaline increases blood glucose concentration to supply muscles with more glucose for respiration.
True or False?
Adrenaline prepares the body for 'fight or flight'.
True.
It is released when the body may be in danger and prepares it for rapid movement.
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