2.2 Features of Organisms (Cambridge (CIE) O Level Biology): Flashcards
Exam code: 5090
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- FrontThe Five Kingdoms
Name the five kingdoms of living organisms.
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Cards in this collection (26)
Name the five kingdoms of living organisms.
Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctists
Prokaryotes
Define a virus.
A non-living infectious particle made of genetic material enclosed in a protein coat, which can only replicate inside a host cell.
State the main features of the fungi kingdom.
Usually multicellular
Cells have nuclei and cell walls not made of cellulose
Feed by saprophytic or parasitic nutrition (do not photosynthesise)
Why are viruses not considered living organisms?
They do not carry out the seven life processes themselves; instead they take over a host cell's metabolism to reproduce.
State the main features of the prokaryote kingdom.
Often unicellular
Have cell walls (not cellulose) and cytoplasm
Have no nucleus or mitochondria
Which two structures are found in every virus?
Genetic material (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat.
State the main features of the protoctist kingdom.
Most are unicellular (some multicellular)
All have a nucleus
Some have chloroplasts and photosynthesise; others feed on organic substances
Define a protein coat.
The outer layer of protein that surrounds and protects a virus's genetic material.
Define saprophytic nutrition.
Feeding on dead or decaying material, as seen in many fungi.
The genetic material of a virus can be either DNA or .
The genetic material of a virus can be either DNA or RNA.
Fungi that feed on living material use nutrition.
Fungi that feed on living material use parasitic nutrition.
In a virus, the genetic material is surrounded by a .
In a virus, the genetic material is surrounded by a protein coat.
What feature do all vertebrates share?
A backbone.
How do viruses make copies of themselves?
They take over a host cell's metabolic pathways to make multiple copies of themselves.
State three features that distinguish mammals from other vertebrates.
Fur or hair on the skin
Give birth to live young (have a placenta)
Produce milk to feed their young
True or False?
Viruses can only replicate inside living host cells.
True.
Viruses have no metabolism of their own, so they must use a host cell to reproduce.
How can you tell a reptile from an amphibian?
Reptiles have dry, fixed scales and lay rubbery-shelled eggs on land; amphibians have smooth, moist skin and lay shell-less eggs in water.
True or False?
All viruses have an outer envelope.
False.
Only some viruses have an outer envelope, but all viruses have genetic material and a protein coat.
What is the key feature of the arthropod phylum?
They are invertebrates with jointed legs (and an exoskeleton).
Give one reason a virus cannot reproduce on its own.
It has no cytoplasm, organelles or metabolism of its own, so it must use a living host cell's machinery.
How many pairs of jointed legs do insects and arachnids each have?
Insects have three pairs; arachnids have four pairs.
Insects have a three-part body: head, thorax and .
Insects have a three-part body: head, thorax and abdomen.
How do ferns reproduce?
By spores produced on the underside of their fronds (leaves) — they do not produce flowers.
How can you distinguish a monocotyledon from a dicotyledon using their leaves?
Monocotyledons have parallel leaf veins; dicotyledons have reticulated (net-like) leaf veins.
Monocotyledon flowers have petals in multiples of .
Monocotyledon flowers have petals in multiples of three.
True or False?
Crustaceans have three pairs of jointed legs.
False.
Crustaceans have more than four pairs of jointed legs; it is insects that have three pairs.
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