Natural & Manufactured Timbers — Ethical & Environmental (AQA GCSE Design & Technology): Revision Note

The environmental factors of timbers are how their sourcing, production and disposal impact the environment

Timber products can often be reused or recycled by manufacturers

• This reduces waste and environmental impact

Manufactured boards, e.g. MDF, chipboard, are often made from waste wood fibres or chips

• This makes efficient use of a resource, which is the waste from the production of solid timber stock forms, e.g. boards

The social factors of timber are how its production affects people and communities

Timber production should ensure:

• Safe working conditions, fair wages, e.g. Fairtrade

• Responsible forest management, e.g. FSC

These support communities and reduce harm to people and habitats local to tree production

The cultural factors of timbers are how their use and appearance are influenced by different cultures

Certain types of wood or finishes may have cultural significance or symbolism, so designers must be aware of this

• One example is that Teak is revered in Thailand for its historical, cultural and symbolic importance

Different cultures prefer different wood types, colours and finishes in furniture and buildings, which may influence design choices

The ethical factors of timber refer to how responsibly they are sourced and produced

Timbers should be sourced from certified suppliers, e.g. FSC

• This ensures that forests are sustainably managed and reduces illegal logging and environmental damage