Anaerobic & Aerobic Exercise (AQA GCSE Physical Education (PE)): Flashcards
Exam code: 8582
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Define aerobic exercise.
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Define aerobic exercise.
Aerobic exercise is exercise carried out in the presence of oxygen, at a low to moderate intensity.
Define anaerobic exercise.
Anaerobic exercise is exercise carried out in the absence of enough oxygen, at a high intensity.
State the word equation for aerobic exercise.
glucose + oxygen → energy + carbon dioxide + water
State the word equation for anaerobic exercise.
glucose → energy + lactic acid
Why does aerobic exercise release more energy per glucose molecule than anaerobic exercise?
Because the glucose is fully broken down when oxygen is present.
What is produced when glucose is incompletely broken down during anaerobic exercise?
Lactic acid.
What effect does a build-up of lactic acid have on a performer?
It causes muscle fatigue and pain, so exercise has to stop after a short time.
Aerobic exercise takes place in the presence of oxygen, whereas anaerobic exercise takes place without enough ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
Aerobic exercise takes place in the presence of oxygen, whereas anaerobic exercise takes place without enough oxygen.
Which two factors determine whether an activity is aerobic or anaerobic?
Its duration and its intensity.
Give three examples of aerobic activities.
Walking/hiking
Jogging
Long-distance running
Distance swimming
Give three examples of anaerobic activities.
Sprinting
Heavy weight-lifting
Wrestling
High-intensity interval training (HIIT)
Justify why a marathon is an aerobic activity.
It is prolonged and of low intensity, so oxygen can be supplied to the muscles fast enough to meet the energy demand.
Justify why a sprint is an anaerobic activity.
It is a short burst of high intensity work, so oxygen cannot be supplied to the muscles fast enough to meet the energy demand.
True or False?
Team games such as football are purely aerobic.
False.
Team games such as football, hockey, rugby and tennis involve a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic exercise.
Define oxygen debt.
An oxygen debt, also called EPOC, is an increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous exercise.
What does EPOC stand for?
Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption.
Which type of exercise causes an oxygen debt?
Anaerobic exercise.
Why does anaerobic exercise create an oxygen debt?
Glucose is incompletely broken down, producing lactic acid, which needs extra oxygen to break it down into safe chemicals.
What is the extra oxygen used for when repaying an oxygen debt?
It reacts with the lactic acid, breaking it down into safe chemicals.
Why does a performer breathe heavily after anaerobic exercise?
To take in the extra oxygen needed to remove the lactic acid and repay the oxygen debt.
Lactic acid causes muscle ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ and pain, so it must be broken down after exercise.
Lactic acid causes muscle fatigue and pain, so it must be broken down after exercise.
What happens to heart rate and breathing rate while an oxygen debt is being repaid?
Both remain higher than usual after exercise has finished.
True or False?
An oxygen debt is repaid instantly once exercise stops.
False.
Depending on the intensity and duration of the exercise, an oxygen debt can last up to several hours.
True or False?
Aerobic exercise produces an oxygen debt.
False.
An oxygen debt is produced by anaerobic exercise, when there is not enough oxygen to fully break down glucose.
Name the three main methods of recovering from vigorous exercise.
Cool down
Manipulation of diet
Ice baths and massage
What does an effective cool down involve?
Five to ten minutes of walking or jogging while maintaining an elevated breathing rate, followed by five to ten minutes of stretching.
Name the benefits of a cool down.
Decrease in body temperature
Removal of lactic acid
Reduction in DOMS
Decrease in dizziness or nausea
Returns heart rate and breathing rate to resting
Why is maintaining an elevated breathing and heart rate important during a cool down?
It maintains blood flow, which helps to remove lactic acid and other waste products from the muscles.
Define rehydration.
Rehydration is the replacement of fluids and minerals lost through sweating during exercise.
Why is it not enough to replace only water after exercise?
Minerals are also lost in sweat, so these must be replaced too. Recovery drinks contain both water and the necessary minerals.
Why should a performer eat carbohydrates after strenuous exercise?
Carbohydrates provide glucose, which is broken down to release energy for the muscles.
Define DOMS.
Delayed onset muscle soreness is swelling and soreness in the muscles caused by small tears that happen during exercise.
How does an ice bath aid recovery?
Blood vessels constrict, pushing out waste products such as lactic acid
Swelling is reduced
Blood flow to the muscles increases once the ice bath has finished
How does massage aid recovery?
It stimulates blood flow, reducing pain and swelling and helping to reduce DOMS, while preventing muscle fatigue and stiffness.
Ice baths and massage are mainly used to help prevent delayed onset muscle ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
Ice baths and massage are mainly used to help prevent delayed onset muscle soreness.
True or False?
An ice bath works by causing the blood vessels to dilate.
False.
An ice bath causes the blood vessels to constrict, pushing out waste products. Blood flow then increases after the ice bath has finished.
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