Energy Use, Diet, Nutrition & Hydration (AQA GCSE Physical Education (PE)): Flashcards
Exam code: 8582
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- FrontEnergy & Calories
In what unit is energy measured?
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Cards in this collection (35)
In what unit is energy measured?
Calories, with the unit Kcal.
Where does the body get its energy from?
From the food we eat. Glucose from food is broken down during respiration to release energy in a usable form.
How many Kcal per day does the average adult male require?
2,500 Kcal/day.
How many Kcal per day does the average adult female require?
2,000 Kcal/day.
Name the four factors that daily energy requirement depends on.
Age
Gender
Height
Energy expenditure (exercise)
How does age affect energy requirement?
Young children need a lot of energy as they are very active and are growing. Adults need less, as the body replaces muscle with fat, which burns fewer calories.
How does height affect energy requirement?
Taller people require more energy, because they have more body cells that are respiring.
How does energy expenditure affect energy requirement?
Exercise burns calories, so the more exercise a person does, the higher their energy requirement. Someone with a sedentary lifestyle requires very little.
Which reaction releases energy in the body's cells?
Respiration, in which glucose is broken down to release its stored chemical energy.
The average adult female requires ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ Kcal per day.
The average adult female requires 2,000 Kcal per day.
True or False?
Everyone requires the same number of calories per day.
False.
Daily energy requirement varies with age, gender, height and energy expenditure.
Define balanced diet.
A balanced diet provides all the necessary nutrients required for good health.
Why must a balanced diet contain a variety of foods?
Because no single food contains all the nutrients the body needs.
Name the reasons for having a balanced diet.
Unused energy is stored as fat, which could cause obesity
Suitable energy is available for activity
The body needs nutrients for energy, growth and hydration
What happens to energy that is consumed but not used?
It is stored as fat, which over time and in excess can lead to obesity — particularly from saturated fat.
Name the nutrients required in a balanced diet.
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fibre, vitamins, minerals and water.
What proportions of carbohydrate, fat and protein make up a balanced diet?
55–60% carbohydrate
25–30% fat
15–20% protein
What is the role of carbohydrates?
They are the main and preferred energy source for all types of exercise, of all intensities, providing glucose for respiration.
What is the role of fat?
It is also an energy source. It provides more energy than carbohydrates, but only at low intensity.
What is the role of protein?
Growth and the repair of muscle tissue.
What is the role of vitamins and minerals?
Maintaining the efficient working of the body systems and general health.
Why do large carbohydrates such as starch release energy more slowly?
They take longer to break down than sugars, so they release their energy over a longer period of time.
A balanced diet is made up of approximately 55–60% carbohydrate, 25–30% fat and 15–20% ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
A balanced diet is made up of approximately 55–60% carbohydrate, 25–30% fat and 15–20% protein.
True or False?
Fat is the body's main and preferred energy source for exercise.
False.
Carbohydrates are the main and preferred energy source for all types of exercise. Fat provides more energy, but only at low intensity.
Define dehydration.
Dehydration is the excessive loss of body water, which interrupts the functioning of the body.
When does dehydration occur?
When the body does not take in enough water to supply its metabolism and to replace the water lost through excretion, such as sweat.
Name the consequences of dehydration.
Blood thickening (increased viscosity), slowing blood flow
Increased heart rate
Increase in body temperature
Slower reactions and poorer decisions
Muscle fatigue and cramps
Why does dehydration slow blood flow?
The blood becomes thicker, with high viscosity, which reduces the delivery of glucose and oxygen to the cells.
Why does heart rate increase when a performer is dehydrated?
The heart works harder to counteract the effect of the slow-flowing, thickened blood.
Why does dehydration cause the body to overheat?
Sweating is the body's main cooling mechanism. Without enough water to produce sweat, the body cannot cool itself.
How does dehydration affect decision making in sport?
Reduced blood flow to the brain increases reaction times and leads to poorer decisions, which can be decisive in competition.
Why does dehydration cause muscle fatigue and cramps?
The muscles suffer from a lack of oxygen, because the thickened blood flows too slowly to deliver it.
How can a performer prevent dehydration?
By hydrating — consuming water in food and drinks. This is especially important during exercise, when more water is lost as sweat.
Dehydration causes the blood to thicken, increasing its ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ and slowing blood flow.
Dehydration causes the blood to thicken, increasing its viscosity and slowing blood flow.
True or False?
Dehydration causes a performer's heart rate to fall.
False.
Heart rate increases, as the heart works harder to counteract the slow-flowing, thickened blood.
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