Physical Activity & Wellbeing (AQA GCSE Physical Education (PE)): Flashcards
Exam code: 8582
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Name the three categories of health and wellbeing.
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Name the three categories of health and wellbeing.
Physical, mental and social health and wellbeing.
Define wellbeing.
Wellbeing includes a person's mental health and happiness, their comfort, and whether they feel fulfilment in their life.
Name the physical health benefits of physical activity.
Improves heart function
Improves the efficiency of the body systems
Reduces the risk of some illness
Able to do everyday tasks
Helps to avoid obesity
How does physical activity improve cardiovascular health?
Aerobic exercise such as running, swimming and cycling strengthens the heart and blood vessels, reducing the risk of blood clots that cause heart attacks and strokes.
How does good physical health help with everyday tasks?
Tasks such as walking up stairs or carrying heavy items become easier. Someone with poor physical health may experience pain or breathlessness doing them.
Name the mental health benefits of physical activity.
Reduces stress and tension
Releases feel good hormones (serotonin)
Better able to control emotions
Which hormone is released during physical activity to create a feel-good sensation?
Serotonin.
Name the social health benefits of physical activity.
Opportunities to socialise and make friends
Cooperation
Teamwork
Having essential human needs met
What are the essential human needs relating to social health?
Food, shelter and clothing.
Why are team sports particularly good for social health?
Groups gain a strong connection by working together towards a common goal, building communication and cooperation skills that also apply to school and work.
Name the fitness benefits of physical activity.
Improves fitness
Reduces the chances of injury
Aids the physical ability to work, e.g. on your feet all day or in manual labour
Physical activity triggers the release of the feel good hormone ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿, improving mental wellbeing.
Physical activity triggers the release of the feel good hormone serotonin, improving mental wellbeing.
True or False?
Physical health means only muscle strength and athletic performance.
False.
Physical health means all body systems working well, being free from illness and injury, and being able to carry out everyday tasks.
Define sedentary.
Sedentary means inactive — not participating in any physical activity.
Define lifestyle.
Lifestyle is the way a person lives day to day — their typical behaviour.
Name the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle.
Weight gain/obesity
Heart disease
Hypertension
Diabetes
Poor sleep
Poor self-esteem
Lethargy
Give an example of someone living a sedentary lifestyle.
A person whose day is spent switching between working at a desk, sitting on a sofa and lying in bed.
Define hypertension.
Hypertension is high blood pressure, one of the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle.
Define lethargy.
Lethargy is a persistent lack of energy and enthusiasm, which can result from a sedentary lifestyle.
Which type of diabetes is linked to a sedentary lifestyle?
Type II diabetes. Type I is not caused or influenced by lifestyle factors.
Name two mental consequences of a sedentary lifestyle.
Poor self-esteem and poor sleep.
Why can it be difficult for adults to avoid a sedentary lifestyle?
It can be hard to access opportunities to carry out physical activities and sport around work and other commitments.
A person who does not take part in any physical activity is described as ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
A person who does not take part in any physical activity is described as sedentary.
True or False?
A sedentary lifestyle only affects physical health.
False.
It causes both physical health issues, such as obesity and heart disease, and mental health issues, such as poor self-esteem and poor sleep.
Define obesity.
Obesity is a condition in which a person stores a large excess of fat deposits in their body, defined as a BMI over 30 or over 20% above the standard weight for height ratio.
How does obesity affect performance in physical activity and sport?
It limits:
Stamina/cardiovascular endurance
Flexibility
Agility
Speed/power
Why does obesity limit speed and power?
The increased mass puts pressure on the bones and requires extra exertion to carry the heavy mass.
Why does obesity make prolonged physical activity challenging?
People living with obesity have much lower cardiovascular fitness, so high-intensity or prolonged activity is harder to sustain.
Name the physical ill health effects caused by obesity.
Cancer
Heart disease/heart attacks
Diabetes
High cholesterol
Name the mental ill health effects caused by obesity.
Depression and loss of confidence.
Name the social ill health effects caused by obesity.
Inability to socialise and inability to leave home.
How does high cholesterol lead to a heart attack?
Eating too many fatty foods causes fatty build-up in the blood vessels around the heart. A full blockage starves the heart muscle of blood, causing a heart attack.
Why does the body store some fat normally?
For energy storage, insulation and protection of organs. It is only harmful in excess.
Obesity is defined as having a body mass index of over ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
Obesity is defined as having a body mass index of over 30.
True or False?
Obesity only affects a performer's physical health.
False.
Obesity also causes mental ill health, such as depression and loss of confidence, and social ill health, such as an inability to socialise.
Define somatotype.
A somatotype is a classification of body shape. The three somatotypes are endomorph, mesomorph and ectomorph.
Define endomorph.
An endomorph has a pear-shaped body with wide hips, narrow shoulders and a lot of fat on the body, arms and thighs.
Define mesomorph.
A mesomorph has a wedge-shaped, muscular body with broad shoulders, a broad chest, a thin waist and narrow hips.
Define ectomorph.
An ectomorph is very thin and lean, often tall, with long arms and legs, narrow shoulders and hips, and not much body fat.
Which sports suit an endomorph, and why?
Rugby forward positions, powerlifting and heavyweight boxing, because these need brute strength and bulk.
Which sports suit a mesomorph, and why?
Sprinting, swimming and gymnastics, because a mesomorph has high strength and power without being weighed down by a large body mass.
Which sports suit an ectomorph, and why?
Tennis, high jump and endurance sports such as marathon running, because these need finesse rather than brute strength.
Which somatotype has high muscle content and low body fat?
The mesomorph.
Why is a mesomorph said to have characteristics of both other somatotypes?
They have the strength and power of an endomorph, but are lean like an ectomorph and so are not weighed down by a large body mass.
Does everybody fit neatly into one somatotype?
No. There is often overlap between the categories, and not everyone fits into just one of the three body types.
A tall, thin, lean performer with long limbs and little body fat is classified as an ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
A tall, thin, lean performer with long limbs and little body fat is classified as an ectomorph.
True or False?
An endomorph would be best suited to marathon running.
False.
An ectomorph is best suited to endurance sports such as marathon running. An endomorph suits sports needing brute strength.
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