Global Patterns of Energy Supply & Demand (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Geography): Flashcards
Exam code: 0460 & 0976
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Why do some areas of the world produce very little energy?
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Cards in this collection (36)
Why do some areas of the world produce very little energy?
Because they lack natural resources, or they do not have the money to exploit the resources they have.
Name three of the world's main producers of fossil fuels for primary energy.
Any three of: the USA, Canada, Norway, Russia, Australia and the Middle East.
Energy sources are ______ across the world, so some regions produce far more energy than others.
Energy sources are not evenly distributed across the world, so some regions produce far more energy than others.
Why are countries investing more in energy production?
To try and achieve energy security, and to meet the increased demand for energy.
What relationship often exists between the world's largest energy producers and consumers?
The world's largest producers of energy are often also the largest consumers of energy.
How does industrial growth increase energy consumption?
Factories need energy for operations, heating and lighting.
What are the two key drivers of increased global energy consumption?
Population growth and development.
How does food production drive increasing energy consumption?
Higher demand for food leads to more intensive farming, which needs more energy for machines, light and heat.
Rising wealth from ______ leads to people buying more appliances and technology that need energy.
Rising wealth from economic development leads to people buying more appliances and technology that need energy.
How does urbanisation increase energy consumption?
An increasing urban population uses more domestic appliances, heating and lighting.
True or False?
Global energy demand is falling as countries develop.
False.
Global energy demand is rising rapidly, driven by population growth and development.
Define energy surplus.
An energy surplus is when a country has more energy sources than it needs.
Define energy deficit.
An energy deficit is when a country has a shortfall of energy sources and must rely on trade and imports to make it up.
Name the four factors that energy production depends on.
Physical factors (e.g. geology), technology, economic factors (price and cost of extraction), and political factors (e.g. environmental agendas and wars).
Give three characteristics of countries that tend to have an energy surplus.
Large reserves of fossil fuels (e.g. Middle East, Russia), good access to renewable energy (e.g. Norway), and a small population compared to energy sources available (e.g. Australia).
Why does Nepal tend to have an energy deficit?
It has limited fossil fuel and renewable energy resources.
Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa tend to have an energy deficit because they ______ to exploit their energy resources.
Countries in Sub-Saharan Africa tend to have an energy deficit because they lack the money to exploit their energy resources.
Define energy gap.
An energy gap is when a country cannot meet its demand for energy using its own resources, so it must import energy.
What three things does a country need to be energy secure?
An uninterrupted supply, an affordable supply, and an accessible supply of energy.
Give two reasons why the UK is not energy secure.
Renewable energy is not efficient enough to replace fossil fuels, and it is cheaper to import fossil fuels than to exploit UK resources.
A country with an energy gap is not ______, because it cannot meet its energy demand from its own resources.
A country with an energy gap is not energy secure, because it cannot meet its energy demand from its own resources.
Name three factors, other than resources running out, that can affect energy security.
Any three of: war/conflict, natural hazards, political disputes, cost, and environmental concerns.
True or False?
The global supply of energy sources is evenly distributed around the world.
False.
The global supply is not evenly distributed, so some places have a surplus while others have a deficit.
Which type of country tends to have the highest energy consumption per person?
HICs (High Income Countries), including Canada, Norway and Saudi Arabia.
Which type of country tends to have the lowest energy consumption per person, and where are they mainly found?
LICs (Low Income Countries), mainly in Africa, including Niger, Chad and Tanzania.
Name three of the main reasons for high energy consumption.
Any three of: level of development, industrialisation, climate, population size and growth, and availability of energy.
How does a colder climate affect energy consumption in countries like Canada and Iceland?
More energy is required for heating.
Why does energy consumption tend to be high in Saudi Arabia due to availability?
It has access to large energy reserves, so energy is subsidised, meaning people tend to use more.
Rapid industrialisation in emerging economies such as ______ and India has led to a significant increase in energy demand.
Rapid industrialisation in emerging economies such as China and India has led to a significant increase in energy demand.
How does level of development lead to low energy consumption in LICs?
People cannot afford energy, more live a subsistence farming lifestyle, and there is limited access to technology and appliances, especially in rural areas.
How does poor infrastructure cause low energy consumption in many LICs?
Electricity grids are small, unreliable and don't cover many rural areas, and gas pipelines and fuel stations may be limited.
In countries with few energy sources, the high cost of importing energy raises prices, and high prices lead to ______ consumption.
In countries with few energy sources, the high cost of importing energy raises prices, and high prices lead to reduced consumption.
Give three reasons why urban areas usually consume more energy than rural areas.
Any three of: higher population density, better access to energy infrastructure, more transport, and higher energy use for heating/cooling, entertainment and industries.
Why do rural areas in LICs tend to consume less energy?
They have fewer industries, smaller populations, less infrastructure, and a greater reliance on biomass for heating and cooking.
Define subsistence lifestyle.
A subsistence lifestyle is one based on farming to meet a family's own needs; it does not have high energy use.
True or False?
Florida in the USA uses more energy for heating, while Minnesota uses more energy for cooling.
False.
It is the other way around: Florida uses more energy for cooling, whereas Minnesota uses more energy for heating.
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