Food Production (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Geography): Flashcards
Exam code: 0460 & 0976
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- FrontTypes of farming
Define arable farming.
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Cards in this collection (24)
Define arable farming.
Arable farming is the cultivation of crops.
Define pastoral farming.
Pastoral farming is the rearing of livestock.
What is the difference between commercial and subsistence farming?
Commercial farming grows crops or rears livestock for profit, whereas subsistence farming produces food to feed the farmer and their family.
How does intensive farming differ from extensive farming in terms of inputs and yields?
Intensive farming uses large amounts of labour, machinery, technology or money, giving high yields per hectare; extensive farming uses low levels of these inputs, giving low yields per hectare.
______ farming occurs where farmers move from one place to another, usually to search for grassland for grazing livestock.
Nomadic farming occurs where farmers move from one place to another, usually to search for grassland for grazing livestock.
Why is classifying a farm into a single category difficult?
Each farm belongs to more than one category — e.g. a sheep farm is commercial, extensive and pastoral — and activities can change over time.
A sheep farm in Cumbria, UK, fits which four categories of farming?
Arable? No — it is pastoral, commercial, extensive and sedentary.
Define vertical farming.
Vertical farming is the growth of crops vertically (upwards), in layers, usually in buildings, greenhouses or shipping containers to reduce land use.
In aeroponics, how do the plants receive water and nutrients?
The plants are suspended in the air with their roots exposed, and a nutrient-rich mist waters them; no soil is used.
In ______, plants are grown without soil, using mineral nutrient-rich water instead, with the roots sitting in the liquid.
In hydroponics, plants are grown without soil, using mineral nutrient-rich water instead, with the roots sitting in the liquid.
How does an aquaponic system link fish and plants?
It combines aquaculture with hydroponics: fish waste provides nutrients for plant growth, and the plants remove nitrates, filtering the water clean for the fish.
True or False?
In both aeroponics and hydroponics the plant roots are suspended in the air.
False.
In aeroponics the roots are suspended in air and misted, but in hydroponics the roots sit in a nutrient-rich liquid.
What are the three components of any farming system?
Inputs, processes and outputs.
Define farm processes.
Processes are the activities on a farm that change inputs into outputs; they depend on the type of farm.
Farm inputs are divided into which two groups?
Natural (physical) inputs and human inputs.
Name four natural (physical) inputs into a farming system.
Temperature, growing season, precipitation, relief and slope aspect, soil type and fertility, and drainage (any four).
______ grows best between 21 and 24 ºC, showing how temperature influences the type of crop grown.
Wheat grows best between 21 and 24 ºC, showing how temperature influences the type of crop grown.
Compare the growing seasons of barley and rice from sowing to harvest.
Barley needs about 90 days, whereas rice takes about 120 days.
On thin, infertile soils, which type of farming is likely to dominate, and why?
Grazing (pastoral) dominates, because crops need deeper, more fertile soil.
Name four human inputs that influence what a farm produces.
Tradition, subsidies, transport, farm size, market demand, and capital (any four).
True or False?
Transporting livestock is cheaper than transporting grain.
False.
Livestock transport is more expensive than grain transport, which can affect what a farm produces.
Define agribusiness.
An agribusiness is a large commercial farming company — e.g. Nestle or Del Monte — that farms for profit on a large scale.
What farming pattern does commercial farming in LICs usually produce?
Monocultures.
Give two example cash crops grown in LIC monocultures.
Coffee, tea, cocoa or palm oil (any two).
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