Where People Live (Cambridge (CIE) IGCSE Geography): Flashcards
Exam code: 0460 & 0976
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- FrontUrban growth rates
Define urbanisation.
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Cards in this collection (26)
Define urbanisation.
Urbanisation is the process by which an increasing percentage of a country's population comes to live in towns and cities.
Define urban growth.
Urban growth is the increase in the population size and/or physical area of a town or city.
What are the two main causes of urban growth?
Natural population increase (roughly 60%) and rural-urban migration (roughly 40%).
How did the world population and urban population change between 1950 and 2015?
The world population doubled, but the urban population more than trebled.
Which regions show the highest and lowest levels of urbanisation?
HICs show the highest levels of urbanisation; the lowest levels are in Africa and SE Asia.
What is the rate of urban growth in HICs, and why?
Slow or declining, because towns and cities already exist; today many people are 'pushed' away from cities through counter-urbanisation.
Which type of country has the fastest rates of urbanisation, and give a reason.
LICs — due to economic development concentrated in big cities, investment in low-cost manufacturing, high rural-to-urban migration, and high natural increase.
Define a megacity.
A megacity is a city with more than 10 million people.
How did the number of megacities change from 1970 to 2018?
From 4 in 1970, to 15 by 2000, to 33 in 2018.
In which continent is the largest growth of megacities seen, and which is the largest?
Asia — Tokyo, with close to 37.3 million people.
By 2050 it is thought that more than ______ of the world population (7 billion) will live in urban areas.
By 2050 it is thought that more than two-thirds of the world population (7 billion) will live in urban areas.
In ______, more people were living in an urban environment than a rural one for the first time.
In 2007, more people were living in an urban environment than a rural one for the first time.
True or False?
Natural increase accounts for a larger share of urban population growth than rural-urban migration.
True.
Natural increase accounts for roughly 60% of urban population growth, compared with 40% from rural-urban migration.
What are the three main reasons for rapid urbanisation in LICs?
Rural-urban migration due to push-pull factors; the speed of industrial and economic development; and the rate of population growth as development occurs.
Define rural-urban migration.
Rural-urban migration is the movement of people from the countryside to cities, which causes the urban population to grow.
In China, which two cities have people migrated to from farming regions in search of jobs?
Shenzhen and Beijing.
What is the difference between a push and a pull factor in rural-urban migration?
Push factors are the reasons people leave rural areas; pull factors are the attractions of urban areas that draw people to them.
Give a social push and a social pull factor for rural-urban migration.
Push: poor housing and healthcare (or population growth leading to poverty). Pull: better schools, universities and medical facilities.
Give an economic push and an economic pull factor for rural-urban migration.
Push: high unemployment or lower wage rates. Pull: better job options to earn more money.
Give two environmental push factors for rural-urban migration.
Disasters such as earthquakes, floods or droughts; and soil erosion causing loss of productive land and crop failure.
Give two political push factors for rural-urban migration.
Any two of: civil war; lack of government support; and religious or cultural discrimination.
How does the speed of economic development drive urbanisation in LICs?
As a city prospers it attracts people and businesses, encouraging inward investment, which leads to more development, more jobs and further growth — a cycle that multiplies growth.
Define natural increase.
Natural increase is the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths, excluding any inward migration.
High levels of natural increase account for roughly ______% of urban population growth.
High levels of natural increase account for roughly 60% of urban population growth.
By ______, the urban population in LICs had doubled.
By 2021, the urban population in LICs had doubled.
True or False?
Natural increase includes people who move into an area through migration.
False.
Natural increase refers only to the difference between births and deaths, excluding any inward migration.
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