The Final Days in Jerusalem (AQA GCSE Religious Studies A): Flashcards
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- FrontThe Last Supper
What Jewish festival was the Last Supper?
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Cards in this collection (71)
What Jewish festival was the Last Supper?
The Passover meal.
What two prophecies did Jesus make at the Last Supper?
That one of the disciples (Judas Iscariot) would betray him, and that Peter would deny him three times before the cock crowed twice.
What did Jesus say as he broke the bread?
'Take; this is my body' — meaning his body would be broken, that he would suffer and die.
What did Jesus say as he passed the cup of wine?
'This is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many' — meaning he would shed blood at the crucifixion.
What is the 'new covenant' Jesus spoke of?
A new relationship between God and his people — building on God's Old Testament agreement to look after his people if they were faithful.
Why is the Last Supper important to Christians?
It marked the beginning of the events leading to Jesus's death and resurrection, and was the first Eucharist / Holy Communion.
Define transubstantiation.
The Catholic belief that the bread and wine actually become the body and blood of Jesus when the priest blesses them.
How do most Protestants interpret the bread and wine?
As symbolic of Jesus's presence, shared in memory of him.
Which Christian groups do not celebrate the Eucharist, and why?
The Salvation Army and Quakers — they do not believe ritual is needed to demonstrate their faith in God.
By what other names is the remembrance of the Last Supper known?
Mass, Holy Communion, the Eucharist, or the Lord's Supper.
Jesus told his followers to share the bread and wine '______ of me', so it has been done since the earliest days of the Church.
Jesus told his followers to share the bread and wine 'in memory of me', so it has been done since the earliest days of the Church.
Where did Jesus and the disciples go after the Last Supper?
To the Mount of Olives, after they had sung a hymn.
How did the disciples react when Jesus said one of them would betray him?
They were distressed and each said, 'Surely, not I?'
True or False?
The disciples knew this would be their last meal with Jesus.
False.
To the disciples it was just a celebration and gathering; only Jesus knew what was coming.
Where did Jesus and the disciples go after the Last Supper?
The Garden of Gethsemane, an olive plantation just outside Jerusalem.
Which three disciples did Jesus take further into the garden?
Peter, James and John — telling them, 'I am deeply grieved, even to death.'
What did Jesus pray in Gethsemane?
'Abba, Father... remove this cup from me; yet, not what I want, but what you want' — asking God to spare him the suffering, but accepting God's will.
How does the prayer in Gethsemane show Jesus's human and divine natures?
His fear and wish to avoid suffering show his human nature; his acceptance of God's will shows his divine nature and obedience.
What does 'Abba' mean, and what does it show?
Aramaic for 'Father' — showing how close Jesus was to God.
What did the disciples do while Jesus prayed?
They fell asleep — three times — not appreciating the seriousness of what Jesus was going through.
Who betrayed Jesus, and how?
Judas Iscariot — with a prearranged signal, a kiss on the cheek, to show the guards whom to arrest.
How did Jesus react when a disciple cut off the high priest's servant's ear?
He did not want a violent response — reminding them he had taught peacefully in the temple and was not a 'bandit' leading a rebellion.
What did Jesus accept must happen at his arrest?
That 'the scriptures must be fulfilled' — the Old Testament prophecies about his death must come true.
What did the disciples do when Jesus was arrested?
They were scared and all deserted him and fled.
Who is the 'certain young man' who ran away naked thought to be?
The Gospel author, John Mark — suggesting this is an eyewitness account.
Jesus told the sleeping disciples: 'the spirit indeed is willing, but the ______ is weak'.
Jesus told the sleeping disciples: 'the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak'.
True or False?
Jesus wanted his disciples to fight to defend him at his arrest.
False.
Jesus was a peaceful teacher and did not want a violent response.
Define the Sanhedrin.
The supreme council of Jews, based in Jerusalem — 71 of the most influential Jewish leaders who controlled religious and civil law.
Why was Jesus's trial before the Sanhedrin unlawful?
It took place in the High Priest's house, at night, and used false, biased testimony against Jesus.
What did the High Priest ask Jesus, and how did he reply?
'Are you the Messiah, the Son of the Blessed One?' Jesus replied 'I am' — admitting to being the Messiah and echoing God's name to Moses.
Why is Jesus's answer 'I am' so significant?
It admits he is the Messiah, and 'I am' is the phrase God used of himself to Moses (Hebrew YHWH / Yahweh).
How did the High Priest react, and what was Jesus convicted of?
He tore his clothes in rage; the Sanhedrin convicted Jesus of blasphemy and agreed he deserved death.
Why did the Sanhedrin have to hand Jesus over to Pilate?
They did not have the authority to pass a death sentence — only the Roman governor did.
Who was Pontius Pilate?
The Roman governor of Judea — it was his job to decide what should happen to Jesus, and he had the power to condemn him to death.
What did Pilate ask Jesus, and how did Jesus reply?
'Are you the King of the Jews?' Jesus answered 'You have said so' — in failing to defend himself, showing he submitted to God's plan.
What was Pilate's dilemma?
He thought Jesus innocent, but feared a riot from the Jews if he freed him — yet freeing the crowd's choice would condemn an innocent man.
Who was Barabbas?
A rebel and murderer imprisoned with Jesus — the crowd chose to have him released under the Passover custom instead of Jesus.
What did the crowd shout when Pilate asked what to do with Jesus?
'Crucify him!' — stirred up by the chief priests, even when Pilate asked what evil he had done.
What did Pilate finally do with Jesus?
Wishing to satisfy the crowd, he released Barabbas and, after flogging Jesus, handed him over to be crucified.
Jesus told the Sanhedrin: 'you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of the Power, and coming with the ______ of heaven'.
Jesus told the Sanhedrin: 'you will see the Son of Man seated at the right hand of the Power, and coming with the clouds of heaven'.
Why did the Jewish leaders want Jesus condemned?
They were unhappy with his teachings, which appeared to challenge the existing authorities; Pilate realised it was 'out of jealousy'.
True or False?
Jesus answered Pilate's charges at length to defend himself.
False.
Jesus 'made no further reply, so that Pilate was amazed' — showing his submission to God's plan.
Define Golgotha.
The place just outside Jerusalem's walls where Jesus was crucified — meaning the 'place of the skull'.
Who was made to help Jesus carry his cross, and what does it show?
Simon of Cyrene — showing how weak Jesus had become by that point.
What did the sign above Jesus's head say?
'INRI' — Latin for 'Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews' — showing why he was being executed.
What did Jesus cry out at three o'clock, and what does it mean?
'Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?' — 'My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?' (Psalm 22) — showing he felt alone and abandoned.
What happened to the sky while Jesus was on the cross?
At noon darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon — a symbol of tragedy.
What happened to the temple curtain when Jesus died, and what did it symbolise?
It was torn in two from top to bottom — symbolising the barrier of sin between God and people was removed, giving everyone access to God.
What did the Roman centurion say when Jesus died, and why is it significant?
'Truly this man was God's Son!' — significant because a Gentile recognised Jesus's identity, which many Jews had not.
Who buried Jesus, and why is that significant?
Joseph of Arimathea, a rich council member — significant because otherwise Jesus, dying as a criminal, would have been disposed of in the town dump.
How was Jesus buried?
Wrapped in a linen cloth and laid in a tomb cut from rock, with a heavy stone rolled against the entrance.
Why is Jesus's death important for Christians today?
It shows he was the Messiah fulfilling prophecy, revealed God's plan for salvation, removed the barrier of sin, and showed love overcomes evil.
The temple curtain separated the ______ ______ ______, which only the High Priest could enter.
The temple curtain separated the Holy of Holies, which only the High Priest could enter.
What drink did Jesus refuse, and why was it offered?
Wine mixed with myrrh — offered as a painkiller — but Jesus refused it.
How does Jesus's death set an example for believers?
It shows self-sacrificing love — being prepared to suffer and die for one's beliefs — a comfort to the persecuted early Church.
Who witnessed where Jesus was buried?
Mary Magdalene and Mary the mother of Joses saw where the body was laid.
True or False?
Jesus was crucified alone.
False.
He was crucified between two bandits, one on his right and one on his left.
Which three women went to the tomb, and why?
Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James, and Salome — to anoint Jesus's body with spices, completing Jewish burial customs.
What did the women find at the tomb?
The large stone rolled back and the tomb empty, with a young man dressed in white sitting inside.
Who was the young man in white, and what did he say?
An angel (messenger of God) who said, 'Do not be alarmed... He has been raised; he is not here' and told them to tell the disciples.
Where did the angel say the disciples would see Jesus?
In Galilee — 'just as he told you'.
How did the women react to the news?
They fled from the tomb in terror and amazement, and 'said nothing to anyone, for they were afraid'.
Give one alternative explanation offered for the empty tomb, and its counter.
That the women went to the wrong tomb — but Mark says they had watched where Jesus was buried, so they knew exactly where to go.
Why is the counter to 'Jesus wasn't really dead' convincing?
Jesus's body was only released for burial once a Roman officer had confirmed he was dead.
Why is the resurrection vital to Christian faith?
It shows Jesus's death was part of God's plan, that Jesus really was God's Son, and that love and goodness overcome sin and evil.
What hope does the resurrection give Christians?
The hope of life after death with God — they do not need to fear death — and it established a new relationship between people and God.
How do Christians regard the resurrection despite it being hard to accept?
As a miracle and an essential part of Christian faith, accepted through faith.
The Christian festival of ______ each year commemorates the resurrection and is the most important Christian festival.
The Christian festival of Easter each year commemorates the resurrection and is the most important Christian festival.
Why is the 'the women imagined the angel' explanation seen as weak?
There were three eyewitnesses, not one — it seems unlikely they all imagined the same thing.
How does the resurrection show Jesus's teachings can be trusted?
It shows Jesus kept his word — he rose as he foretold — so all his teachings can be trusted.
True or False?
The disciples likely stole Jesus's body from the tomb.
False.
This is unlikely — what had happened to Jesus had scared them, so they were not in a position to do so.
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