5.4 Hinduism Key Practices: Lifestyle (AQA GCSE Religious Studies A): Flashcards
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Define yoga (in Hinduism).
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Define yoga (in Hinduism).
A Hindu spiritual discipline and part of the journey towards moksha, through loving service to God.
What are the four paths of yoga?
Karma yoga
Jnana yoga
Astanga (Raja) yoga
Bhakti yoga
Define Karma yoga.
The path of unselfish action — doing your daily duties without desire for reward.
Define Jnana yoga.
The path of knowledge and understanding, achieved through deep meditation and oneness with Brahman.
Define Bhakti yoga.
The path of loving devotion to a personal deity, expressed through singing and chanting God's name.
Which path of yoga is 'royal yoga', regarded by many as the highest?
Astanga (Raja) yoga — the fulfilment of the other three, involving self-control of the senses and mind.
Who is seen as the ideal karma yogi?
Gandhi, for his selfless work for Indian independence and the upliftment of others.
True or False?
A Hindu must follow only one path of yoga for their whole life.
False.
Hindus may use elements of each path or switch paths depending on their stage of life.
Which aspect of the mind does each path of yoga involve?
Karma = active; Bhakti = emotional; Raja = mystical; Jnana = intellectual.
All four paths of yoga have the same aim: union with the divine and achieving ______.
All four paths of yoga have the same aim: union with the divine and achieving moksha.
Which holy scripture mentions yoga, adding importance to the practice?
The Bhagavad Gita.
In Karma yoga, a Hindu does their duty without the desire for ______ or selfish gain.
In Karma yoga, a Hindu does their duty without the desire for reward or selfish gain.
What does a Hindu following bhakti yoga experience?
Complete peace and love of God, surrendering to their chosen deity.
Define pilgrimage (in Hinduism).
A special religious journey made for a purpose, to holy places where heaven and earth are believed to meet.
Why are rivers considered sacred pilgrimage sites?
Because water gives life, so visiting a river shows devotion to the gods of creation.
Give two reasons a Hindu goes on pilgrimage.
To make amends, strengthen their faith, show commitment, ask for healing, or work towards moksha.
Which is the holiest river for Hindus, and what is it an extension of?
The River Ganges — an extension of Lord Shiva.
Why do Hindus bathe in the Ganges on pilgrimage?
It purifies the atman (soul), helping a Hindu gain moksha.
Why is Varanasi known as the 'Gateway to Moksha'?
Because death in the city is believed to bring immediate salvation.
Why is Vrindavana a pilgrimage site?
It is believed that Lord Krishna spent time there as a child.
Define Kumbh Mela.
The world's largest pilgrimage (up to 10 million people), held where the Ganges, Yamuna and mythical Saraswati rivers meet.
How often is the large Kumbh Mela festival held at Prayaga?
Every twelve years (with smaller Kumbh Melas at four sites every three years).
True or False?
Bathing at the Kumbh Mela on the new moon is believed to release a pilgrim from samsara.
True.
Pilgrims believe bathing in the Ganges on the day of the new moon releases them from the cycle of samsara.
Many Hindus have their ______ scattered in the Ganges after their body is cremated.
Many Hindus have their ashes scattered in the Ganges after their body is cremated.
What do pilgrims often do during a Hindu pilgrimage?
Make offerings, say prayers, chant mantras, wash in holy water or walk barefoot.
Define ghats.
The steps at a river's edge (e.g. in Varanasi) where the deceased are cremated.
Seven sacred cities, including Kashi and Haridwar, are considered the ______ sites in Hinduism.
Seven sacred cities, including Kashi and Haridwar, are considered the holiest sites in Hinduism.
What event does the Kumbh Mela remember?
The spilling of the nectar of immortality during a battle between gods and demons.
Define ahimsa (in relation to the environment).
Non-violence — showing respect for all life (human, animal and vegetable), because all are part of God.
Why are most Hindus vegetarian?
Because killing animals causes suffering, and animals have an atman and are as important as humans.
Define dana.
Giving / charity — the duty to give to others (money, hospitality and kindness) without expecting anything in return.
Define sewa.
Selfless service to those in need.
Why is looking after the environment a religious duty for Hindus?
Because it is a righteous action (leading towards moksha) and God is present in all creation.
Which animal do Hindus especially protect, and why?
The cow — seen as a sacred mother; Lord Krishna was a cow herder, and Hindus protect cows to emulate him.
Define goshalas.
Retirement homes for old cows in India.
What was the Chipko movement?
A movement where women hugged trees to stop them being cut down.
True or False?
Hindus believe nature can be destroyed without harming humans.
False.
Hindus believe nature cannot be destroyed without humans also being destroyed — we need it to survive, and every atman is part of Brahman.
Why do Hindus believe helping others is important?
Because helping others is helping Brahman — all living things have an atman (part of Brahman) within them.
Sharing food with others, an important form of Hindu charity, is known as ______ dana.
Sharing food with others, an important form of Hindu charity, is known as anna dana.
Name a Hindu charity that works to improve people's lives.
Mata Amritanandamayi Math (MAM) or Sewa International.
Because of their belief in ______, Hindus are mindful of how they treat the Earth, as their actions have consequences.
Because of their belief in karma, Hindus are mindful of how they treat the Earth, as their actions have consequences.
Each Hindu has a 'fourfold dharma' — a duty towards whom?
Towards family, society, the world and all living things.
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