2.2 Islam Key Beliefs: The Nature of Allah (AQA GCSE Religious Studies A): Flashcards
Exam code: 8062
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- Front2.2.1 Tawhid
Define Tawhid.
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Define Tawhid.
The belief in the oneness of God — that Allah is one, indivisible and absolute.
What does the name 'Allah' come from and mean?
The Arabic Al-ilah, meaning 'The God' (the only God).
Define shirk.
The sin of associating or comparing anything with Allah; the worst sin in Islam.
What is the Shahadah?
The Muslim Declaration of Faith, and the first of the Five Pillars.
The Shahadah states: 'I bear witness that there is no deity but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad (pbuh) is the ______ of God'.
The Shahadah states: 'I bear witness that there is no deity but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad (pbuh) is the Messenger of God'.
How can a non-Muslim convert to Islam?
By sincerely reciting the Shahadah.
Which two of Allah's 99 names emphasise his oneness?
Al-Ahad (the one and only) and Al-Wahid (the one).
Why do Muslims reject the Christian belief in the Trinity?
They believe Jesus could not be the Son of God; but they still regard Jesus as an important prophet.
True or False?
Muslims believe Jesus was the Son of God.
False.
Muslims reject this, but they do regard Jesus as an important prophet.
What is sujood?
Prostration — the posture Muslims adopt while praying to show belief in one God.
When is the Shahadah said in a Muslim's life?
At birth (the first words a baby hears), and Muslims aim for it to be the last words before death.
The Shahadah forms the ______ of the other four Pillars of Islam.
The Shahadah forms the foundation of the other four Pillars of Islam.
Name a polytheistic religion Muslims reject any association with.
Shinto, Taoism, or the religions of Ancient Greece or Egypt.
Define monotheism.
The belief in one God.
Define omnipotent (in Islam).
All-powerful — Allah is the creator, sustainer and owner of all things.
Define the immanence of Allah.
The belief that Allah is within all things and close to His people.
Define the transcendence of Allah.
The belief that Allah is beyond and separate from the world, outside time, with no beginning or end.
What do the names Al-Rahman and Al-Rahim mean?
The Beneficent (Al-Rahman) and the Merciful (Al-Rahim).
Define Adalat.
The justice (fairness) of Allah — that Allah always does what is right.
What is the Bismillah?
The phrase 'In the name of God, the Lord of Mercy, the Giver of Mercy', said to dedicate actions to God.
The Qur'an says Allah is closer to a human 'than his ______ vein' (Qur'an 50: 16), showing his immanence.
The Qur'an says Allah is closer to a human 'than his jugular vein' (Qur'an 50: 16), showing his immanence.
How do Muslims often explain suffering, given Allah's mercy?
As a test of faith, to see how humans respond.
True or False?
Muslims believe Allah is bound by and affected by time.
False.
Allah is transcendent — outside time, with no beginning or end.
Which name of Allah means 'the one who restores or fixes our brokenness'?
Al-Jabbar.
On what day do Muslims believe Allah will judge everyone's actions?
The Day of Judgement.
The Qur'an teaches Muslims to live in a balanced way: 'We have made you a ______ nation' (Qur'an 2: 143).
The Qur'an teaches Muslims to live in a balanced way: 'We have made you a moderate nation' (Qur'an 2: 143).
Belief in Allah's justice (Adalat) is a root of faith in which tradition?
Shi'a Islam — it is one of the Five Roots.
How can Allah be both immanent and transcendent?
He is everywhere and with everyone (immanent), yet also above and greater than everything (transcendent).
What does belief in Allah's omnipotence give Muslims during difficult times?
Strength, knowing that everything happens for a reason.
What are angels made of, according to the Qur'an?
Elements of light (humans are made from clay, jinn from smokeless fire).
Belief in angels is one of the Six Articles of Faith in which tradition?
Sunni Islam — though belief in angels is accepted by all Muslims.
Do angels have free will?
No — angels have no free will and are sinless, always obeying Allah.
Define Jibril.
The archangel (Gabriel) who relayed the Qur'an from Allah to Muhammad; the most important angel in Islam.
What did the angel Jibril do for Muhammad (pbuh)?
He relayed the Qur'an from Allah to Muhammad (pbuh).
Where did Jibril first bring the revelations to Muhammad (pbuh)?
At Mount Hira (Cave Hira), when Muhammad (pbuh) was 40.
Define Mika'il.
The archangel of mercy, who asks Allah to forgive sins and is responsible for sending rain, thunder and lightning.
Who is Izra'il?
The Angel of Death, who takes the soul at death.
What is the role of the angels Raqib and Atid (the Kiraman Katibin)?
They record the deeds of each person for Judgement Day.
True or False?
Muslims believe angels have a gender.
False.
Angels have no gender and are part of the unseen world.
Muslims believe ______ Angels protect people from danger and evil.
Muslims believe Guardian Angels protect people from danger and evil.
What does the name 'Jibril' mean?
'God is my strength'.
What is the primary purpose of angels?
Worshipping, glorifying and obeying Allah.
Jibril brings spiritual nourishment through the Qur'an, while Mika'il brings nourishment for the earth through the ______.
Jibril brings spiritual nourishment through the Qur'an, while Mika'il brings nourishment for the earth through the rain.
Which angel is present on the Day of Resurrection?
Israfil.
Define predestination (al-Qadr).
The belief that Allah has already decided everything that will happen.
What is 'Al-Lawh Al-Mahfuud'?
The preserved tablet on which Allah's decree was written before the creation of the universe.
What does the phrase 'insha'Allah' express?
That all events are in the hands of God, and that a Muslim submits to His will.
Which Sunni Article of Faith is predestination?
Al-Qadr.
How does the Shi'a view of predestination differ from the Sunni view?
Shi'a Muslims stress human free will — God knows all but does not decide all; Sunni Muslims stress Al-Qadr, that Allah has predestined everything.
True or False?
Belief in predestination means Muslims think they have no choice in how they behave.
False.
Muslims believe humans are not forced and can freely choose, while putting their trust in Allah.
Predestination in Islam is known as ______, the belief that Allah has decreed all things.
Predestination in Islam is known as al-Qadr, the belief that Allah has decreed all things.
Why might belief in predestination make Muslims less afraid of death?
Because the outcome is already determined by Allah.
How can belief in predestination comfort Muslims?
It reassures them that God has a plan, especially when things are going wrong.
Which Shi'a Root of faith shapes their view of human freedom?
Adalat (the justice of God).
Belief in human free will links to the ______ of Judgement, when Muslims are judged on their actions.
Belief in human free will links to the Day of Judgement, when Muslims are judged on their actions.
What is a possible negative impact of belief in predestination?
Some Muslims may blame their actions on 'God's plan' instead of taking responsibility.
Define Akhirah.
Life after death — a belief that is part of both the Sunni Six Articles and the Shi'a Five Roots.
What do Muslims believe this earthly life is?
A test and preparation for the afterlife.
Which two angels question a person in the grave?
Munkar and Nakir.
What three questions do the angels ask the soul in the grave?
Who is your Lord?
What is your religion?
Who is your prophet?
Define barzakh.
The state of waiting between death and the Day of Judgement.
Which angel will blow the trumpet to announce the Day of Judgement?
Israfil.
What is the Book of Deeds?
A record of everything a person has done, presented to them on the Day of Judgement.
If a person's good deeds outweigh the bad, they receive the book in their ______ hand and pass into heaven.
If a person's good deeds outweigh the bad, they receive the book in their right hand and pass into heaven.
What is Jannah?
Paradise (heaven) — described in the Qur'an as a garden of bliss with flowing rivers.
What is As-Sirat?
The narrow bridge the righteous cross to heaven; the wicked fall from it into hell.
True or False?
In Islam, resurrection and reincarnation mean the same thing.
False.
Resurrection is the body being brought back to life; reincarnation (the soul entering another creature) is a Hindu/Sikh belief, not Islamic.
Besides actions, what else does Allah take into account when judging?
A person's intentions (niyyah).
Muslims believe resurrection will be both ______ and spiritual.
Muslims believe resurrection will be both physical and spiritual.
What are the two most important signs of the end of the world in Islam?
The appearance of the Mahdi and the second coming of Isa (Jesus).
Who is said to lead hell in Islam?
Malik.
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