3.4 Buddhism Key Practices: Ethics (AQA GCSE Religious Studies A): Flashcards
Exam code: 8062
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Define Kamma.
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Define Kamma.
One's actions — the motive behind them leads to happiness or suffering (spelled 'karma' in Sanskrit).
What is the difference between skilful and unskilful actions?
Skilful actions (from compassion, generosity) bring happiness; unskilful actions (from hatred, ignorance, craving) bring suffering.
Define Karuna.
Compassion — concern for the suffering of others and wanting to relieve it.
Define Metta.
Loving kindness — the desire for all beings to be happy and free from suffering.
What are the Four Sublime States?
Loving-kindness (metta)
Compassion (karuna)
Sympathetic joy
Equanimity
What is the difference between metta and karuna?
Metta is a general wish for all beings to be happy; karuna is metta meeting a specific person who is suffering.
In how many realms can a person be reborn, depending on their kamma?
Six realms.
Which realm is said to be the best for reaching enlightenment?
The human realm.
True or False?
Buddhists believe people are punished for their actions by an external judge.
False.
Kamma means people are rewarded or punished by their actions, not for them — there is no external judge.
Define Metta-bhavana.
Loving-kindness meditation — developing metta towards oneself and then all beings.
Which charity is a way Buddhists show compassion (karuna)?
ROKPA, which helps children access education and families out of poverty.
Because there is no unchanging self (______), a person's kamma continues with them into rebirth.
Because there is no unchanging self (anatta), a person's kamma continues with them into rebirth.
Towards whom is metta cultivated?
All beings — even people who act unskilfully, without expecting anything in return.
Buddhists find kamma ______, because they can change the future through their actions.
Buddhists find kamma empowering, because they can change the future through their actions.
Define the Five Moral Precepts.
An ethical code of five principles Buddhists voluntarily follow to live morally; part of the Eightfold Path.
What do the Five Moral Precepts tell Buddhists to avoid?
Harming living things
Lying
Stealing (taking what is not given)
Sexual misconduct
Taking intoxicants
Which of the Five Moral Precepts is the most important?
The first — not to cause harm; the others are all ways to follow it.
True or False?
Buddhists follow the Five Moral Precepts because a god will punish them if they don't.
False.
They are guidelines, not strict rules; there is no god who punishes — a person's intentions (kamma) matter most.
According to Buddhism, what matters most when following the precepts?
A person's intentions — acting out of compassion (karuna) and loving-kindness (metta).
What do the Five Moral Precepts help Buddhists overcome?
The Three Poisons (greed, hatred and ignorance).
What must a Mahayana Buddhist achieve to become a Bodhisattva?
All of the Six Perfections.
Name the Six Perfections.
Generosity
Morality
Patience
Energy
Meditation
Wisdom
What does the perfection of generosity mean?
Giving without expecting anything in return.
What are the three types of giving?
Material goods (e.g. food or money)
Protection from fear
The Dhamma (teaching)
Which type of giving has the longest-lasting impact?
Giving the Dhamma (the teaching), as it helps people to help themselves.
In the Six Perfections, the perfection of ______ is the mental strength to strive for enlightenment.
In the Six Perfections, the perfection of energy is the mental strength to strive for enlightenment.
The Five Moral Precepts are part of the ______ Path.
The Five Moral Precepts are part of the Eightfold Path.
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